Selectable phase formation in VAlN thin films by controlling Al(+) subplantation depth

We report on a thin film synthesis technique which allows for unprecedented control over the crystalline phase formation in metastable transition metal nitride based layers. For the model material system of V(0.26)Al(0.74)N, a complete transition from hexagonal to supersaturated cubic structure is achieved by tuning the incident energy, hence subplantation depth, of Al(+) metal ions during reactive hybrid high power impulse magnetron sputtering of Al target and direct current magnetron sputtering of V target in Ar/N(2) gas mixture. These findings enable the phase selective synthesis of novel metastable materials that combine excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance.