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Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
[Image: see text] Acetamide has been classified as a possible human carcinogen, but uncertainties exist about its levels in foods. This report presents evidence that thermal decomposition of N-acetylated sugars and amino acids in heated gas chromatograph injectors contributes to artifactual acetamid...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical
Society
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186951 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02229 |
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author | Vismeh, Ramin Haddad, Diane Moore, Janette Nielson, Chandra Bals, Bryan Campbell, Tim Julian, Allen Teymouri, Farzaneh Jones, A. Daniel Bringi, Venkataraman |
author_facet | Vismeh, Ramin Haddad, Diane Moore, Janette Nielson, Chandra Bals, Bryan Campbell, Tim Julian, Allen Teymouri, Farzaneh Jones, A. Daniel Bringi, Venkataraman |
author_sort | Vismeh, Ramin |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Acetamide has been classified as a possible human carcinogen, but uncertainties exist about its levels in foods. This report presents evidence that thermal decomposition of N-acetylated sugars and amino acids in heated gas chromatograph injectors contributes to artifactual acetamide in milk and beef. An alternative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocol based on derivatization of acetamide with 9-xanthydrol was optimized and shown to be free of artifactual acetamide formation. The protocol was validated using a surrogate analyte approach based on d(3)-acetamide and applied to analyze 23 pasteurized whole milk, 44 raw sirloin beef, and raw milk samples from 14 different cows, and yielded levels about 10-fold lower than those obtained by direct injection without derivatization. The xanthydrol derivatization procedure detected acetamide in every food sample tested at 390 ± 60 ppb in milk, 400 ± 80 ppb in beef, and 39 000 ± 9000 ppb in roasted coffee beans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5765534 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | American Chemical
Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57655342018-01-14 Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Vismeh, Ramin Haddad, Diane Moore, Janette Nielson, Chandra Bals, Bryan Campbell, Tim Julian, Allen Teymouri, Farzaneh Jones, A. Daniel Bringi, Venkataraman J Agric Food Chem [Image: see text] Acetamide has been classified as a possible human carcinogen, but uncertainties exist about its levels in foods. This report presents evidence that thermal decomposition of N-acetylated sugars and amino acids in heated gas chromatograph injectors contributes to artifactual acetamide in milk and beef. An alternative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry protocol based on derivatization of acetamide with 9-xanthydrol was optimized and shown to be free of artifactual acetamide formation. The protocol was validated using a surrogate analyte approach based on d(3)-acetamide and applied to analyze 23 pasteurized whole milk, 44 raw sirloin beef, and raw milk samples from 14 different cows, and yielded levels about 10-fold lower than those obtained by direct injection without derivatization. The xanthydrol derivatization procedure detected acetamide in every food sample tested at 390 ± 60 ppb in milk, 400 ± 80 ppb in beef, and 39 000 ± 9000 ppb in roasted coffee beans. American Chemical Society 2017-11-30 2018-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5765534/ /pubmed/29186951 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02229 Text en Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. |
spellingShingle | Vismeh, Ramin Haddad, Diane Moore, Janette Nielson, Chandra Bals, Bryan Campbell, Tim Julian, Allen Teymouri, Farzaneh Jones, A. Daniel Bringi, Venkataraman Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry |
title | Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and
Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry |
title_full | Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and
Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry |
title_fullStr | Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and
Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed | Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and
Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry |
title_short | Exposure Assessment of Acetamide in Milk, Beef, and
Coffee Using Xanthydrol Derivatization and Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry |
title_sort | exposure assessment of acetamide in milk, beef, and
coffee using xanthydrol derivatization and gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186951 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02229 |
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