Mitochondrial intermediate peptidase is a novel regulator of sirtuin‐3 activation by caloric restriction

Sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial quality and is involved in the anti‐ageing and pro‐longevity actions of caloric restriction (CR). Here, we show that CR upregulates the mature form of SIRT3 and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIPEP), a mitochondrial signal peptidase (MtSPase), in white adipose tissue. We also demonstrate that upregulation of mature SIRT3 is dependent on MIPEP in 3T3‐L1 cells, suggesting that MIPEP may contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial quality during CR via activation of SIRT3. This novel mechanism of SIRT3 activation through MIPEP facilitates the elucidation of additional molecular pathways of CR.