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Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion

During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor,...

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Autor principal: Temple, Norman J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300309
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10010039
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author Temple, Norman J.
author_facet Temple, Norman J.
author_sort Temple, Norman J.
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description During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor, a view that prevailed from roughly 1974 to 2014. Findings that have accumulated since 1990 inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated. A switch from SFA to refined carbohydrates does not lower the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood and therefore does not prevent CHD. A reduced intake of SFA combined with an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol; this may reduce the risk of CHD. The evidence linking carbohydrate-rich foods with CHD has been steadily strengthening. Refined carbohydrates, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of CHD. Conversely, whole grains and cereal fiber are protective. An extra one or 2 servings per day of these foods increases or decreases risk by approximately 10% to 20%.
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spelling pubmed-57932672018-02-06 Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion Temple, Norman J. Nutrients Review During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor, a view that prevailed from roughly 1974 to 2014. Findings that have accumulated since 1990 inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated. A switch from SFA to refined carbohydrates does not lower the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood and therefore does not prevent CHD. A reduced intake of SFA combined with an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol; this may reduce the risk of CHD. The evidence linking carbohydrate-rich foods with CHD has been steadily strengthening. Refined carbohydrates, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of CHD. Conversely, whole grains and cereal fiber are protective. An extra one or 2 servings per day of these foods increases or decreases risk by approximately 10% to 20%. MDPI 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5793267/ /pubmed/29300309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10010039 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Temple, Norman J.
Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title_full Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title_fullStr Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title_full_unstemmed Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title_short Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion
title_sort fat, sugar, whole grains and heart disease: 50 years of confusion
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300309
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10010039
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