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Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system
In jawed vertebrates, the adaptive immune system (AIS) cooperates with the innate immune system (IIS) to protect hosts from infections. Although targeting non-self-components, the AIS also generates self-reactive antibodies which, when inadequately counter-selected, can give rise to autoimmune disea...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793817/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy001 |
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author | Bayersdorf, Robert Fruscalzo, Arrigo Catania, Francesco |
author_facet | Bayersdorf, Robert Fruscalzo, Arrigo Catania, Francesco |
author_sort | Bayersdorf, Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | In jawed vertebrates, the adaptive immune system (AIS) cooperates with the innate immune system (IIS) to protect hosts from infections. Although targeting non-self-components, the AIS also generates self-reactive antibodies which, when inadequately counter-selected, can give rise to autoimmune diseases (ADs). ADs are on the rise in western countries. Why haven’t ADs been eliminated during the evolution of a ∼500 million-year old system? And why have they become more frequent in recent decades? Self-recognition is an attribute of the phylogenetically more ancient IIS and empirical data compellingly show that some self-reactive antibodies, which are classifiable as elements of the IIS rather then the AIS, may protect from (rather than cause) ADs. Here, we propose that the IIS’s self-recognition system originally fathered the AIS and, as a consequence of this relationship, its activity is dampened in hygienic environments. Rather than a mere breakdown or failure of the mechanisms of self-tolerance, ADs might thus arise from architectural constraints. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5793817 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57938172018-02-08 Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system Bayersdorf, Robert Fruscalzo, Arrigo Catania, Francesco Evol Med Public Health Invited Commentary In jawed vertebrates, the adaptive immune system (AIS) cooperates with the innate immune system (IIS) to protect hosts from infections. Although targeting non-self-components, the AIS also generates self-reactive antibodies which, when inadequately counter-selected, can give rise to autoimmune diseases (ADs). ADs are on the rise in western countries. Why haven’t ADs been eliminated during the evolution of a ∼500 million-year old system? And why have they become more frequent in recent decades? Self-recognition is an attribute of the phylogenetically more ancient IIS and empirical data compellingly show that some self-reactive antibodies, which are classifiable as elements of the IIS rather then the AIS, may protect from (rather than cause) ADs. Here, we propose that the IIS’s self-recognition system originally fathered the AIS and, as a consequence of this relationship, its activity is dampened in hygienic environments. Rather than a mere breakdown or failure of the mechanisms of self-tolerance, ADs might thus arise from architectural constraints. Oxford University Press 2018-01-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5793817/ /pubmed/29423226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy001 Text en © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Invited Commentary Bayersdorf, Robert Fruscalzo, Arrigo Catania, Francesco Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title | Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title_full | Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title_fullStr | Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title_full_unstemmed | Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title_short | Linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
title_sort | linking autoimmunity to the origin of the adaptive immune system |
topic | Invited Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793817/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29423226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy001 |
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