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Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes

The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bo...

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Autores principales: Kafarski, Marcin, Wilczek, Andrzej, Szypłowska, Agnieszka, Lewandowski, Arkadiusz, Pieczywek, Piotr, Janik, Grzegorz, Skierucha, Wojciech
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5795661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300324
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121
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author Kafarski, Marcin
Wilczek, Andrzej
Szypłowska, Agnieszka
Lewandowski, Arkadiusz
Pieczywek, Piotr
Janik, Grzegorz
Skierucha, Wojciech
author_facet Kafarski, Marcin
Wilczek, Andrzej
Szypłowska, Agnieszka
Lewandowski, Arkadiusz
Pieczywek, Piotr
Janik, Grzegorz
Skierucha, Wojciech
author_sort Kafarski, Marcin
collection PubMed
description The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bound water relaxations), as well as β’ (Maxwell-Wagner effect). The performance of two designs of the dielectric probe was compared: a classical coaxial open-ended probe (OE probe) and an open-ended probe with a prolonged central conductor in a form of an antenna (OE-A-probe). The OE-A probe increases the measurement volume and consequently extends the range of applications to other materials, like granulated agricultural products, soils, or liquid suspensions. However, its measurement frequency range is limited as compared to the OE probe because, above 1.5 GHz, the probe with the antenna generates higher propagation modes and the applied calibrations and calculations are not sufficient. It was shown that data from measurements using the OE-A probe gave slightly stronger correlations with apples’ quality parameters than using the typical OE probe. Additionally, we have compared twelve multipole fitting models with different combinations of poles (eight three-pole and four two-pole models). It was shown that the best fit is obtained using a two-pole model for data collected for the OE-A probe and a three-pole model for the OE probe, using only Cole-Cole poles in both cases.
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spelling pubmed-57956612018-02-13 Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes Kafarski, Marcin Wilczek, Andrzej Szypłowska, Agnieszka Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Pieczywek, Piotr Janik, Grzegorz Skierucha, Wojciech Sensors (Basel) Article The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bound water relaxations), as well as β’ (Maxwell-Wagner effect). The performance of two designs of the dielectric probe was compared: a classical coaxial open-ended probe (OE probe) and an open-ended probe with a prolonged central conductor in a form of an antenna (OE-A-probe). The OE-A probe increases the measurement volume and consequently extends the range of applications to other materials, like granulated agricultural products, soils, or liquid suspensions. However, its measurement frequency range is limited as compared to the OE probe because, above 1.5 GHz, the probe with the antenna generates higher propagation modes and the applied calibrations and calculations are not sufficient. It was shown that data from measurements using the OE-A probe gave slightly stronger correlations with apples’ quality parameters than using the typical OE probe. Additionally, we have compared twelve multipole fitting models with different combinations of poles (eight three-pole and four two-pole models). It was shown that the best fit is obtained using a two-pole model for data collected for the OE-A probe and a three-pole model for the OE probe, using only Cole-Cole poles in both cases. MDPI 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5795661/ /pubmed/29300324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kafarski, Marcin
Wilczek, Andrzej
Szypłowska, Agnieszka
Lewandowski, Arkadiusz
Pieczywek, Piotr
Janik, Grzegorz
Skierucha, Wojciech
Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title_full Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title_fullStr Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title_short Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
title_sort evaluation of apple maturity with two types of dielectric probes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5795661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300324
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121
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