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Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes
The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5795661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121 |
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author | Kafarski, Marcin Wilczek, Andrzej Szypłowska, Agnieszka Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Pieczywek, Piotr Janik, Grzegorz Skierucha, Wojciech |
author_facet | Kafarski, Marcin Wilczek, Andrzej Szypłowska, Agnieszka Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Pieczywek, Piotr Janik, Grzegorz Skierucha, Wojciech |
author_sort | Kafarski, Marcin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bound water relaxations), as well as β’ (Maxwell-Wagner effect). The performance of two designs of the dielectric probe was compared: a classical coaxial open-ended probe (OE probe) and an open-ended probe with a prolonged central conductor in a form of an antenna (OE-A-probe). The OE-A probe increases the measurement volume and consequently extends the range of applications to other materials, like granulated agricultural products, soils, or liquid suspensions. However, its measurement frequency range is limited as compared to the OE probe because, above 1.5 GHz, the probe with the antenna generates higher propagation modes and the applied calibrations and calculations are not sufficient. It was shown that data from measurements using the OE-A probe gave slightly stronger correlations with apples’ quality parameters than using the typical OE probe. Additionally, we have compared twelve multipole fitting models with different combinations of poles (eight three-pole and four two-pole models). It was shown that the best fit is obtained using a two-pole model for data collected for the OE-A probe and a three-pole model for the OE probe, using only Cole-Cole poles in both cases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5795661 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57956612018-02-13 Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes Kafarski, Marcin Wilczek, Andrzej Szypłowska, Agnieszka Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Pieczywek, Piotr Janik, Grzegorz Skierucha, Wojciech Sensors (Basel) Article The observed dielectric spectrum of ripe apples in the last period of shelf-life was analyzed using a multipole dielectric relaxation model, which assumes three active relaxation processes: primary α-process (water relaxation) and two secondary processes caused by solid-water-ion interactions α’ (bound water relaxations), as well as β’ (Maxwell-Wagner effect). The performance of two designs of the dielectric probe was compared: a classical coaxial open-ended probe (OE probe) and an open-ended probe with a prolonged central conductor in a form of an antenna (OE-A-probe). The OE-A probe increases the measurement volume and consequently extends the range of applications to other materials, like granulated agricultural products, soils, or liquid suspensions. However, its measurement frequency range is limited as compared to the OE probe because, above 1.5 GHz, the probe with the antenna generates higher propagation modes and the applied calibrations and calculations are not sufficient. It was shown that data from measurements using the OE-A probe gave slightly stronger correlations with apples’ quality parameters than using the typical OE probe. Additionally, we have compared twelve multipole fitting models with different combinations of poles (eight three-pole and four two-pole models). It was shown that the best fit is obtained using a two-pole model for data collected for the OE-A probe and a three-pole model for the OE probe, using only Cole-Cole poles in both cases. MDPI 2018-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5795661/ /pubmed/29300324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kafarski, Marcin Wilczek, Andrzej Szypłowska, Agnieszka Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Pieczywek, Piotr Janik, Grzegorz Skierucha, Wojciech Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title | Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title_full | Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title_short | Evaluation of Apple Maturity with Two Types of Dielectric Probes |
title_sort | evaluation of apple maturity with two types of dielectric probes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5795661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29300324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010121 |
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