The elastic modulus for maize stems
BACKGROUND: Stalk lodging is a serious challenge in the production of maize and sorghum. A comprehensive understanding of lodging will likely require accurate characterizations of the mechanical properties of such plants. One of the most important mechanical properties for structural analysis of ben...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5806466/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29449871 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0279-6 |
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author | Al-Zube, Loay Sun, Wenhuan Robertson, Daniel Cook, Douglas |
author_facet | Al-Zube, Loay Sun, Wenhuan Robertson, Daniel Cook, Douglas |
author_sort | Al-Zube, Loay |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Stalk lodging is a serious challenge in the production of maize and sorghum. A comprehensive understanding of lodging will likely require accurate characterizations of the mechanical properties of such plants. One of the most important mechanical properties for structural analysis of bending is the modulus of elasticity. The purpose of this study was to measure the modulus of elasticity of dry, mature maize rind tissues using three different loading modes (bending, compression and tensile), and to determine the accuracy and reliability of each test method. RESULTS: The three testing modes produced comparable elastic modulus values. For the sample in this study, modulus values ranged between 6 and 16 GPa. All three testing modes exhibited relatively favorable repeatability (i.e. test-to-test variation of < 5%). Modulus values of internodal specimens were significantly higher than specimens consisting of both nodal and internodal tissues, indicating spatial variation in the modulus of elasticity between the nodal and internodal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Bending tests were found to be the least labor intensive method and also demonstrated the best test-to-test repeatability. This test provides a single aggregate stiffness value for an entire stalk. Compression tests were able to determine more localized (i.e., spatially dependent) modulus of elasticity values, but required additional sample preparation and test time. Finally, tensile tests provided the most focused measurements of the modulus of elasticity, but required the longest sample preparation time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5806466 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58064662018-02-15 The elastic modulus for maize stems Al-Zube, Loay Sun, Wenhuan Robertson, Daniel Cook, Douglas Plant Methods Research BACKGROUND: Stalk lodging is a serious challenge in the production of maize and sorghum. A comprehensive understanding of lodging will likely require accurate characterizations of the mechanical properties of such plants. One of the most important mechanical properties for structural analysis of bending is the modulus of elasticity. The purpose of this study was to measure the modulus of elasticity of dry, mature maize rind tissues using three different loading modes (bending, compression and tensile), and to determine the accuracy and reliability of each test method. RESULTS: The three testing modes produced comparable elastic modulus values. For the sample in this study, modulus values ranged between 6 and 16 GPa. All three testing modes exhibited relatively favorable repeatability (i.e. test-to-test variation of < 5%). Modulus values of internodal specimens were significantly higher than specimens consisting of both nodal and internodal tissues, indicating spatial variation in the modulus of elasticity between the nodal and internodal regions. CONCLUSIONS: Bending tests were found to be the least labor intensive method and also demonstrated the best test-to-test repeatability. This test provides a single aggregate stiffness value for an entire stalk. Compression tests were able to determine more localized (i.e., spatially dependent) modulus of elasticity values, but required additional sample preparation and test time. Finally, tensile tests provided the most focused measurements of the modulus of elasticity, but required the longest sample preparation time. BioMed Central 2018-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5806466/ /pubmed/29449871 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0279-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Al-Zube, Loay Sun, Wenhuan Robertson, Daniel Cook, Douglas The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title | The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title_full | The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title_fullStr | The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title_full_unstemmed | The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title_short | The elastic modulus for maize stems |
title_sort | elastic modulus for maize stems |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5806466/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29449871 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0279-6 |
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