PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs
Natural resources continue to be an invaluable source of new, novel chemical entities of therapeutic utility due to the vast structural diversity observed in them. The quest for new and better drugs has witnessed an upsurge in exploring and harnessing nature especially for discovery of antimicrobial...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5811929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29479316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.01002 |
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author | Khan, Tabassum Gurav, Pranav |
author_facet | Khan, Tabassum Gurav, Pranav |
author_sort | Khan, Tabassum |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural resources continue to be an invaluable source of new, novel chemical entities of therapeutic utility due to the vast structural diversity observed in them. The quest for new and better drugs has witnessed an upsurge in exploring and harnessing nature especially for discovery of antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents. Nature has historically provide us with potent anticancer agents which include vinca alkaloids [vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine], taxanes [paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel], podophyllotoxin and its derivatives [etoposide (ETP), teniposide], camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives (topotecan, irinotecan), anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin), and others. In fact, half of all the anti-cancer drugs approved internationally are either natural products or their derivatives and were developed on the basis of knowledge gained from small molecules or macromolecules that exist in nature. Three new anti-cancer drugs introduced in 2007, viz. trabectedin, epothilone derivative ixabepilone, and temsirolimus were obtained from microbial sources. Selective drug targeting is the need of the current therapeutic regimens for increased activity on cancer cells and reduced toxicity to normal cells. Nanotechnology driven modified drugs and drug delivery systems are being developed and introduced in the market for better cancer treatment and management with good results. The use of nanoparticulate drug carriers can resolve many challenges in drug delivery to the cancer cells that includes: improving drug solubility and stability, extending drug half-lives in the blood, reducing adverse effects in non-target organs, and concentrating drugs at the disease site. This review discusses the scientific ventures and explorations involving application of nanotechnology to some selected plant derived molecules. It presents a comprehensive review of formulation strategies of phytoconstituents in development of novel delivery systems like liposomes, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), application of polymer conjugates, as illustrated in the graphical abstract along with their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems supported by enhanced biological activity in in vitro and in vivo anticancer assays. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5811929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58119292018-02-23 PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs Khan, Tabassum Gurav, Pranav Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Natural resources continue to be an invaluable source of new, novel chemical entities of therapeutic utility due to the vast structural diversity observed in them. The quest for new and better drugs has witnessed an upsurge in exploring and harnessing nature especially for discovery of antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents. Nature has historically provide us with potent anticancer agents which include vinca alkaloids [vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine], taxanes [paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel], podophyllotoxin and its derivatives [etoposide (ETP), teniposide], camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives (topotecan, irinotecan), anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin), and others. In fact, half of all the anti-cancer drugs approved internationally are either natural products or their derivatives and were developed on the basis of knowledge gained from small molecules or macromolecules that exist in nature. Three new anti-cancer drugs introduced in 2007, viz. trabectedin, epothilone derivative ixabepilone, and temsirolimus were obtained from microbial sources. Selective drug targeting is the need of the current therapeutic regimens for increased activity on cancer cells and reduced toxicity to normal cells. Nanotechnology driven modified drugs and drug delivery systems are being developed and introduced in the market for better cancer treatment and management with good results. The use of nanoparticulate drug carriers can resolve many challenges in drug delivery to the cancer cells that includes: improving drug solubility and stability, extending drug half-lives in the blood, reducing adverse effects in non-target organs, and concentrating drugs at the disease site. This review discusses the scientific ventures and explorations involving application of nanotechnology to some selected plant derived molecules. It presents a comprehensive review of formulation strategies of phytoconstituents in development of novel delivery systems like liposomes, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), application of polymer conjugates, as illustrated in the graphical abstract along with their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems supported by enhanced biological activity in in vitro and in vivo anticancer assays. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5811929/ /pubmed/29479316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.01002 Text en Copyright © 2018 Khan and Gurav. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Khan, Tabassum Gurav, Pranav PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title | PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title_full | PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title_fullStr | PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title_full_unstemmed | PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title_short | PhytoNanotechnology: Enhancing Delivery of Plant Based Anti-cancer Drugs |
title_sort | phytonanotechnology: enhancing delivery of plant based anti-cancer drugs |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5811929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29479316 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.01002 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT khantabassum phytonanotechnologyenhancingdeliveryofplantbasedanticancerdrugs AT guravpranav phytonanotechnologyenhancingdeliveryofplantbasedanticancerdrugs |