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Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage
Late blowing defect (LBD) is a major cause of spoilage in cheeses, caused by the growth of Clostridium spp. in the cheese matrix. We investigated the application of CTP1L, a bacteriophage endolysin active against Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and its enzymatically active and cell wall‐binding domains (...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160025 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12883 |
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author | Gómez‐Torres, Natalia Dunne, Matthew Garde, Sonia Meijers, Rob Narbad, Arjan Ávila, Marta Mayer, Melinda J. |
author_facet | Gómez‐Torres, Natalia Dunne, Matthew Garde, Sonia Meijers, Rob Narbad, Arjan Ávila, Marta Mayer, Melinda J. |
author_sort | Gómez‐Torres, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Late blowing defect (LBD) is a major cause of spoilage in cheeses, caused by the growth of Clostridium spp. in the cheese matrix. We investigated the application of CTP1L, a bacteriophage endolysin active against Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and its enzymatically active and cell wall‐binding domains (EAD and CBD) attached to green fluorescent protein (GFP) to detect dairy‐related Clostridium species by fluorescence microscopy. GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD demonstrated specificity for Clostridium spp. by labelling 15 and 17 of 20 Clostridium strains, respectively, but neither bound to other members of the cheese microbiota. However, GFP‐EAD did not label any Clostridium strain tested. Unexpectedly, GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD were also able to bind to clostridial spores. In addition, GFP‐CBD allowed us to visualize the vegetative cells of C. tyrobutyricum directly in the matrix of a LBD cheese. Site‐directed mutants of GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD were made to examine the amino acids involved in binding and oligomer formation. Oligomerization was not essential for binding, but specific mutations in the CBD which affected oligomer formation also affected binding and lytic activity. We conclude that GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD could be good biomarkers for rapid detection of Clostridium spores in milk, so measures can be taken for the prevention of LBD in cheese, and also provide effective tools to study the development of Clostridium populations during cheese ripening. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5812242 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-58122422018-02-15 Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage Gómez‐Torres, Natalia Dunne, Matthew Garde, Sonia Meijers, Rob Narbad, Arjan Ávila, Marta Mayer, Melinda J. Microb Biotechnol Research Articles Late blowing defect (LBD) is a major cause of spoilage in cheeses, caused by the growth of Clostridium spp. in the cheese matrix. We investigated the application of CTP1L, a bacteriophage endolysin active against Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and its enzymatically active and cell wall‐binding domains (EAD and CBD) attached to green fluorescent protein (GFP) to detect dairy‐related Clostridium species by fluorescence microscopy. GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD demonstrated specificity for Clostridium spp. by labelling 15 and 17 of 20 Clostridium strains, respectively, but neither bound to other members of the cheese microbiota. However, GFP‐EAD did not label any Clostridium strain tested. Unexpectedly, GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD were also able to bind to clostridial spores. In addition, GFP‐CBD allowed us to visualize the vegetative cells of C. tyrobutyricum directly in the matrix of a LBD cheese. Site‐directed mutants of GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD were made to examine the amino acids involved in binding and oligomer formation. Oligomerization was not essential for binding, but specific mutations in the CBD which affected oligomer formation also affected binding and lytic activity. We conclude that GFP‐CTP1L and GFP‐CBD could be good biomarkers for rapid detection of Clostridium spores in milk, so measures can be taken for the prevention of LBD in cheese, and also provide effective tools to study the development of Clostridium populations during cheese ripening. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5812242/ /pubmed/29160025 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12883 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Gómez‐Torres, Natalia Dunne, Matthew Garde, Sonia Meijers, Rob Narbad, Arjan Ávila, Marta Mayer, Melinda J. Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title | Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title_full | Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title_fullStr | Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title_full_unstemmed | Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title_short | Development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of Clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
title_sort | development of a specific fluorescent phage endolysin for in situ detection of clostridium species associated with cheese spoilage |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29160025 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12883 |
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