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Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotes. Originally, NMD was identified as an RNA surveillance machinery in degrading ‘aberrant’ mRNA species with premature termination codons. Recent studies indicate that NM...

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Autores principales: Han, Xin, Wei, Yanling, Wang, Hua, Wang, Feilong, Ju, Zhenyu, Li, Tangliang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5814811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29272451
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1272
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author Han, Xin
Wei, Yanling
Wang, Hua
Wang, Feilong
Ju, Zhenyu
Li, Tangliang
author_facet Han, Xin
Wei, Yanling
Wang, Hua
Wang, Feilong
Ju, Zhenyu
Li, Tangliang
author_sort Han, Xin
collection PubMed
description Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotes. Originally, NMD was identified as an RNA surveillance machinery in degrading ‘aberrant’ mRNA species with premature termination codons. Recent studies indicate that NMD regulates the stability of natural gene transcripts that play significant roles in cell functions. Although components and action modes of the NMD machinery in degrading its RNA targets have been extensively studied with biochemical and structural approaches, the biological roles of NMD remain to be defined. Stem cells are rare cell populations, which play essential roles in tissue homeostasis and hold great promises in regenerative medicine. Stem cells self-renew to maintain the cellular identity and differentiate into somatic lineages with specialized functions to sustain tissue integrity. Transcriptional regulations and epigenetic modulations have been extensively implicated in stem cell biology. However, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, such as NMD, in stem cell regulation are largely unknown. In this paper, we summarize the recent findings on biological roles of NMD factors in embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of NMD in regulating stem cell fates.
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spelling pubmed-58148112018-02-23 Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology Han, Xin Wei, Yanling Wang, Hua Wang, Feilong Ju, Zhenyu Li, Tangliang Nucleic Acids Res Survey and Summary Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotes. Originally, NMD was identified as an RNA surveillance machinery in degrading ‘aberrant’ mRNA species with premature termination codons. Recent studies indicate that NMD regulates the stability of natural gene transcripts that play significant roles in cell functions. Although components and action modes of the NMD machinery in degrading its RNA targets have been extensively studied with biochemical and structural approaches, the biological roles of NMD remain to be defined. Stem cells are rare cell populations, which play essential roles in tissue homeostasis and hold great promises in regenerative medicine. Stem cells self-renew to maintain the cellular identity and differentiate into somatic lineages with specialized functions to sustain tissue integrity. Transcriptional regulations and epigenetic modulations have been extensively implicated in stem cell biology. However, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, such as NMD, in stem cell regulation are largely unknown. In this paper, we summarize the recent findings on biological roles of NMD factors in embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms of NMD in regulating stem cell fates. Oxford University Press 2018-02-16 2017-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5814811/ /pubmed/29272451 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1272 Text en © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Survey and Summary
Han, Xin
Wei, Yanling
Wang, Hua
Wang, Feilong
Ju, Zhenyu
Li, Tangliang
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title_full Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title_fullStr Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title_full_unstemmed Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title_short Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
title_sort nonsense-mediated mrna decay: a ‘nonsense’ pathway makes sense in stem cell biology
topic Survey and Summary
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5814811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29272451
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1272
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