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‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
(1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29597308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619 |
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author | Timmermans, Joris Dijkstra, Coosje Kamphuis, Carlijn Huitink, Marlijn van der Zee, Egbert Poelman, Maartje |
author_facet | Timmermans, Joris Dijkstra, Coosje Kamphuis, Carlijn Huitink, Marlijn van der Zee, Egbert Poelman, Maartje |
author_sort | Timmermans, Joris |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking distance of all secondary schools in the 4th largest city of The Netherlands. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. (3) Results: In total, 115 retail outlets sold ready-to-eat food and drink products during school hours. Fast food outlets were more often in the vicinity of schools in lower SES (28.6%) than in higher SES areas (11.5%). In general, unhealthy options (e.g., fried snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) were more often for sale, in-store promoted or advertised in comparison with healthy options (e.g., fruit, vegetables, bottled water). Sport/energy drinks were more often for sale, and fried snacks/fries, hamburgers/kebab and SSB were more often promoted or advertised in lower SES areas than in higher SES-areas. (4) Conclusion: In general, unhealthy food options were more often presented than the healthy options, but only a few SES differences were observed. The results, however, imply that efforts in all school areas are needed to make the healthy option the default option during school time. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5923661 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-59236612018-05-03 ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands Timmermans, Joris Dijkstra, Coosje Kamphuis, Carlijn Huitink, Marlijn van der Zee, Egbert Poelman, Maartje Int J Environ Res Public Health Article (1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking distance of all secondary schools in the 4th largest city of The Netherlands. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. (3) Results: In total, 115 retail outlets sold ready-to-eat food and drink products during school hours. Fast food outlets were more often in the vicinity of schools in lower SES (28.6%) than in higher SES areas (11.5%). In general, unhealthy options (e.g., fried snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) were more often for sale, in-store promoted or advertised in comparison with healthy options (e.g., fruit, vegetables, bottled water). Sport/energy drinks were more often for sale, and fried snacks/fries, hamburgers/kebab and SSB were more often promoted or advertised in lower SES areas than in higher SES-areas. (4) Conclusion: In general, unhealthy food options were more often presented than the healthy options, but only a few SES differences were observed. The results, however, imply that efforts in all school areas are needed to make the healthy option the default option during school time. MDPI 2018-03-28 2018-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5923661/ /pubmed/29597308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Timmermans, Joris Dijkstra, Coosje Kamphuis, Carlijn Huitink, Marlijn van der Zee, Egbert Poelman, Maartje ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title | ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title_full | ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title_fullStr | ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title_full_unstemmed | ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title_short | ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands |
title_sort | ‘obesogenic’ school food environments? an urban case study in the netherlands |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923661/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29597308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619 |
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