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‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands

(1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking...

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Autores principales: Timmermans, Joris, Dijkstra, Coosje, Kamphuis, Carlijn, Huitink, Marlijn, van der Zee, Egbert, Poelman, Maartje
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29597308
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619
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author Timmermans, Joris
Dijkstra, Coosje
Kamphuis, Carlijn
Huitink, Marlijn
van der Zee, Egbert
Poelman, Maartje
author_facet Timmermans, Joris
Dijkstra, Coosje
Kamphuis, Carlijn
Huitink, Marlijn
van der Zee, Egbert
Poelman, Maartje
author_sort Timmermans, Joris
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking distance of all secondary schools in the 4th largest city of The Netherlands. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. (3) Results: In total, 115 retail outlets sold ready-to-eat food and drink products during school hours. Fast food outlets were more often in the vicinity of schools in lower SES (28.6%) than in higher SES areas (11.5%). In general, unhealthy options (e.g., fried snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) were more often for sale, in-store promoted or advertised in comparison with healthy options (e.g., fruit, vegetables, bottled water). Sport/energy drinks were more often for sale, and fried snacks/fries, hamburgers/kebab and SSB were more often promoted or advertised in lower SES areas than in higher SES-areas. (4) Conclusion: In general, unhealthy food options were more often presented than the healthy options, but only a few SES differences were observed. The results, however, imply that efforts in all school areas are needed to make the healthy option the default option during school time.
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spelling pubmed-59236612018-05-03 ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands Timmermans, Joris Dijkstra, Coosje Kamphuis, Carlijn Huitink, Marlijn van der Zee, Egbert Poelman, Maartje Int J Environ Res Public Health Article (1) Background: This study aimed to explore and define socio-economic (SES) differences in urban school food environments in The Netherlands. (2) Methods: Retail food outlets, ready-to-eat products, in-store food promotions and food advertisements in public space were determined within 400 m walking distance of all secondary schools in the 4th largest city of The Netherlands. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. (3) Results: In total, 115 retail outlets sold ready-to-eat food and drink products during school hours. Fast food outlets were more often in the vicinity of schools in lower SES (28.6%) than in higher SES areas (11.5%). In general, unhealthy options (e.g., fried snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) were more often for sale, in-store promoted or advertised in comparison with healthy options (e.g., fruit, vegetables, bottled water). Sport/energy drinks were more often for sale, and fried snacks/fries, hamburgers/kebab and SSB were more often promoted or advertised in lower SES areas than in higher SES-areas. (4) Conclusion: In general, unhealthy food options were more often presented than the healthy options, but only a few SES differences were observed. The results, however, imply that efforts in all school areas are needed to make the healthy option the default option during school time. MDPI 2018-03-28 2018-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5923661/ /pubmed/29597308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Timmermans, Joris
Dijkstra, Coosje
Kamphuis, Carlijn
Huitink, Marlijn
van der Zee, Egbert
Poelman, Maartje
‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title_full ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title_fullStr ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title_short ‘Obesogenic’ School Food Environments? An Urban Case Study in The Netherlands
title_sort ‘obesogenic’ school food environments? an urban case study in the netherlands
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5923661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29597308
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040619
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