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Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid. In mammals, four isoforms of GPATs have been identified based on subcellular...

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Autores principales: Yu, Jing, Loh, Kim, Song, Zhi-yuan, Yang, He-qin, Zhang, Yi, Lin, Shu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968029/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29799006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0045-x
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author Yu, Jing
Loh, Kim
Song, Zhi-yuan
Yang, He-qin
Zhang, Yi
Lin, Shu
author_facet Yu, Jing
Loh, Kim
Song, Zhi-yuan
Yang, He-qin
Zhang, Yi
Lin, Shu
author_sort Yu, Jing
collection PubMed
description Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid. In mammals, four isoforms of GPATs have been identified based on subcellular localization, substrate preferences, and NEM sensitivity, and they have been classified into two groups, one including GPAT1 and GPAT2, which are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the other including GPAT3 and GPAT4, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GPATs play a pivotal role in the regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis. Through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, it has been confirmed that GPATs play a critical role in the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. In line with this, the role of GPATs in metabolism was supported by studies using a GPAT inhibitor, FSG67. Additionally, the functional characteristics of GPATs and the relation between three isoforms (GPAT1, 3, and 4) and insulin resistance has been described in this review.
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spelling pubmed-59680292018-05-25 Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance Yu, Jing Loh, Kim Song, Zhi-yuan Yang, He-qin Zhang, Yi Lin, Shu Nutr Diabetes Review Article Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid. In mammals, four isoforms of GPATs have been identified based on subcellular localization, substrate preferences, and NEM sensitivity, and they have been classified into two groups, one including GPAT1 and GPAT2, which are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the other including GPAT3 and GPAT4, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GPATs play a pivotal role in the regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis. Through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, it has been confirmed that GPATs play a critical role in the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. In line with this, the role of GPATs in metabolism was supported by studies using a GPAT inhibitor, FSG67. Additionally, the functional characteristics of GPATs and the relation between three isoforms (GPAT1, 3, and 4) and insulin resistance has been described in this review. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5968029/ /pubmed/29799006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0045-x Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review Article
Yu, Jing
Loh, Kim
Song, Zhi-yuan
Yang, He-qin
Zhang, Yi
Lin, Shu
Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title_full Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title_fullStr Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title_full_unstemmed Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title_short Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
title_sort update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968029/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29799006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0045-x
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