Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland

Non-invasive wearable biosensors provide real-time, continuous, and actionable health information. However, difficulties detecting diluted biomarkers in excreted biofluids limit practical applications. Most biomarkers of interest are transported paracellularly into excreted biofluids from biomarker-...

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Autores principales: Jajack, Andrew, Brothers, Michael, Kasting, Gerald, Heikenfeld, Jason
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30011292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200009
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author Jajack, Andrew
Brothers, Michael
Kasting, Gerald
Heikenfeld, Jason
author_facet Jajack, Andrew
Brothers, Michael
Kasting, Gerald
Heikenfeld, Jason
author_sort Jajack, Andrew
collection PubMed
description Non-invasive wearable biosensors provide real-time, continuous, and actionable health information. However, difficulties detecting diluted biomarkers in excreted biofluids limit practical applications. Most biomarkers of interest are transported paracellularly into excreted biofluids from biomarker-rich blood and interstitial fluid during normal modulation of cellular tight junctions. Calcium chelators are reversible tight junction modulators that have been shown to increase absorption across the intestinal epithelium. However, calcium chelators have not yet been shown to improve the extraction of biomarkers. Here we show that for glucose, a paracellularly transported biomarker, the flux into sweat can be increased by >10x using citrate, a calcium chelator, in combination with electroosmosis. Our results demonstrate a method of increasing glucose flux through the sweat gland epithelium, thereby increasing the concentration in sweat. Future work should examine if this method enhances flux for other paracellularly transported biomarkers to make it possible to detect more biomarkers with currently available biosensors.
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spelling pubmed-60477692018-07-26 Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland Jajack, Andrew Brothers, Michael Kasting, Gerald Heikenfeld, Jason PLoS One Research Article Non-invasive wearable biosensors provide real-time, continuous, and actionable health information. However, difficulties detecting diluted biomarkers in excreted biofluids limit practical applications. Most biomarkers of interest are transported paracellularly into excreted biofluids from biomarker-rich blood and interstitial fluid during normal modulation of cellular tight junctions. Calcium chelators are reversible tight junction modulators that have been shown to increase absorption across the intestinal epithelium. However, calcium chelators have not yet been shown to improve the extraction of biomarkers. Here we show that for glucose, a paracellularly transported biomarker, the flux into sweat can be increased by >10x using citrate, a calcium chelator, in combination with electroosmosis. Our results demonstrate a method of increasing glucose flux through the sweat gland epithelium, thereby increasing the concentration in sweat. Future work should examine if this method enhances flux for other paracellularly transported biomarkers to make it possible to detect more biomarkers with currently available biosensors. Public Library of Science 2018-07-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6047769/ /pubmed/30011292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200009 Text en © 2018 Jajack et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Jajack, Andrew
Brothers, Michael
Kasting, Gerald
Heikenfeld, Jason
Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title_full Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title_fullStr Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title_short Enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
title_sort enhancing glucose flux into sweat by increasing paracellular permeability of the sweat gland
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6047769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30011292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200009
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