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High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as a time-efficient alternative to moderate- or low-intensity continuous exercise for improving variables related to endurance and anaerobic performance in young and adolescent athletes. Objectives: To assess original research about enhancement...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072873/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30100881 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01012 |
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author | Engel, Florian Azad Ackermann, Alexander Chtourou, Hamdi Sperlich, Billy |
author_facet | Engel, Florian Azad Ackermann, Alexander Chtourou, Hamdi Sperlich, Billy |
author_sort | Engel, Florian Azad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as a time-efficient alternative to moderate- or low-intensity continuous exercise for improving variables related to endurance and anaerobic performance in young and adolescent athletes. Objectives: To assess original research about enhancement of endurance and anaerobic exercise performance in young and adolescent athletes performing HIIT. Method: Relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed and SPORTDiscus in December 2017. Inclusion criteria were: (i) controlled trials (HIIT vs. alternative training protocol) with pre-post design; (ii) healthy young athletes (≤18 years); (iii) assessing variables related to endurance and exercise performance. Hedges' g effect size (ES), and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated for comparison of any outcome between experimental (HIIT) and alternative training protocol. Results: Twenty four studies, involving 577 athletes (mean age: 15.5 ± 2.2 years), were included in this review. HIIT exerted no or small positive mean ES on peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), running performance, repeated sprint ability, jumping performance and submaximal heart rate. Although the mean ES for changes in VO(2peak) with HIIT is small (mean g = 0.10±0.28), the average increase in VO(2peak) from pre to post HIIT-interventions were 7.2 ± 6.9% vs. 4.3 ± 6.9% with any other alternative intervention. HIIT largely and positively affected running speed and oxygen consumption at various lactate- or ventilatory-based thresholds, as well as for sprint running performance. Calculations showed negative mean ES for change-of-direction ability (large), and peak blood lactate concentrations (small). Mean duration per training session for HIIT was shorter than for control interventions (28 ± 15 min vs. 38 ± 24 min). Conclusion: The present findings suggest that young athletes performing HIIT may improve certain important variables related to aerobic, as well as anaerobic, performance. With HIIT, most variables related to endurance improved to a higher extent, compared to alternative training protocols. However, based on ES, HIIT did not show clear superiority to the alternative training protocols. Nevertheless, young athletes may benefit from HIIT as it requires less time per training session leaving more time for training sport specific skills. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6072873 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-60728732018-08-10 High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Engel, Florian Azad Ackermann, Alexander Chtourou, Hamdi Sperlich, Billy Front Physiol Physiology Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is as a time-efficient alternative to moderate- or low-intensity continuous exercise for improving variables related to endurance and anaerobic performance in young and adolescent athletes. Objectives: To assess original research about enhancement of endurance and anaerobic exercise performance in young and adolescent athletes performing HIIT. Method: Relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved from the electronic databases PubMed and SPORTDiscus in December 2017. Inclusion criteria were: (i) controlled trials (HIIT vs. alternative training protocol) with pre-post design; (ii) healthy young athletes (≤18 years); (iii) assessing variables related to endurance and exercise performance. Hedges' g effect size (ES), and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated for comparison of any outcome between experimental (HIIT) and alternative training protocol. Results: Twenty four studies, involving 577 athletes (mean age: 15.5 ± 2.2 years), were included in this review. HIIT exerted no or small positive mean ES on peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), running performance, repeated sprint ability, jumping performance and submaximal heart rate. Although the mean ES for changes in VO(2peak) with HIIT is small (mean g = 0.10±0.28), the average increase in VO(2peak) from pre to post HIIT-interventions were 7.2 ± 6.9% vs. 4.3 ± 6.9% with any other alternative intervention. HIIT largely and positively affected running speed and oxygen consumption at various lactate- or ventilatory-based thresholds, as well as for sprint running performance. Calculations showed negative mean ES for change-of-direction ability (large), and peak blood lactate concentrations (small). Mean duration per training session for HIIT was shorter than for control interventions (28 ± 15 min vs. 38 ± 24 min). Conclusion: The present findings suggest that young athletes performing HIIT may improve certain important variables related to aerobic, as well as anaerobic, performance. With HIIT, most variables related to endurance improved to a higher extent, compared to alternative training protocols. However, based on ES, HIIT did not show clear superiority to the alternative training protocols. Nevertheless, young athletes may benefit from HIIT as it requires less time per training session leaving more time for training sport specific skills. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6072873/ /pubmed/30100881 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01012 Text en Copyright © 2018 Engel, Ackermann, Chtourou and Sperlich. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Engel, Florian Azad Ackermann, Alexander Chtourou, Hamdi Sperlich, Billy High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | high-intensity interval training performed by young athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072873/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30100881 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01012 |
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