PI(3,5)P(2) controls vacuole potassium transport to support cellular osmoregulation

Lysosomes are dynamic organelles with critical roles in cellular physiology. The lysosomal signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P(2)) is a key regulator that has been implicated to control lysosome ion homeostasis, but the scope of ion transporters targeted by PI(3,5)P(2) and the purpose of this regulation is not well understood. Through an unbiased screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified loss-of-function mutations in the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) and in Vnx1, a vacuolar monovalent cation/proton antiporter, as suppressor mutations that relieve the growth defects and osmotic swelling of vacuoles (lysosomes) in yeast lacking PI(3,5)P(2). We observed that depletion of PI(3,5)P(2) synthesis in yeast causes a robust accumulation of multiple cations, most notably an ∼85 mM increase in the cellular concentration of potassium, a critical ion used by cells to regulate osmolarity. The accumulation of potassium and other cations in PI(3,5)P(2)-deficient yeast is relieved by mutations that inactivate Vnx1 or inactivate the V-ATPase and by mutations that increase the activity of a vacuolar cation export channel, Yvc1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PI(3,5)P(2) signaling orchestrates vacuole/lysosome cation transport to aid cellular osmoregulation.