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Prognostic significance of the programmed death ligand 1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and correlation with the tumor microenvironment and hypoxia-inducible factor expression
BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal malignancy. Hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are expressed in the majority of ccRCC. Targeting immune checkpoints with the blockade of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 reorganizes T-cell activity in tumor microenviron...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109459/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30144808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13000-018-0742-8 |