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The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer

The progression of cancer is associated with increases in amino acid uptake by cancer cells. Upon their entry into cells through specific transporters, exogenous amino acids are used to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and to generate ATP. The essential amino acid leucine is also import...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Salisbury, Travis B, Arthur, Subha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30103560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082373
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author Salisbury, Travis B
Arthur, Subha
author_facet Salisbury, Travis B
Arthur, Subha
author_sort Salisbury, Travis B
collection PubMed
description The progression of cancer is associated with increases in amino acid uptake by cancer cells. Upon their entry into cells through specific transporters, exogenous amino acids are used to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and to generate ATP. The essential amino acid leucine is also important for maintaining cancer-associated signaling pathways. By upregulating amino acid transporters, cancer cells gain greater access to exogenous amino acids to support chronic proliferation, maintain metabolic pathways, and to enhance certain signal transduction pathways. Suppressing cancer growth by targeting amino acid transporters will require an in-depth understanding of how cancer cells acquire amino acids, in particular, the transporters involved and which cancer pathways are most sensitive to amino acid deprivation. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) mediates the uptake of essential amino acids and its expression is upregulated during the progression of several cancers. We will review the upstream regulators of LAT1 and the downstream effects caused by the overexpression of LAT1 in cancer cells.
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spelling pubmed-61215542018-09-07 The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer Salisbury, Travis B Arthur, Subha Int J Mol Sci Review The progression of cancer is associated with increases in amino acid uptake by cancer cells. Upon their entry into cells through specific transporters, exogenous amino acids are used to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and to generate ATP. The essential amino acid leucine is also important for maintaining cancer-associated signaling pathways. By upregulating amino acid transporters, cancer cells gain greater access to exogenous amino acids to support chronic proliferation, maintain metabolic pathways, and to enhance certain signal transduction pathways. Suppressing cancer growth by targeting amino acid transporters will require an in-depth understanding of how cancer cells acquire amino acids, in particular, the transporters involved and which cancer pathways are most sensitive to amino acid deprivation. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) mediates the uptake of essential amino acids and its expression is upregulated during the progression of several cancers. We will review the upstream regulators of LAT1 and the downstream effects caused by the overexpression of LAT1 in cancer cells. MDPI 2018-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6121554/ /pubmed/30103560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082373 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Salisbury, Travis B
Arthur, Subha
The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title_full The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title_fullStr The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title_full_unstemmed The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title_short The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer
title_sort regulation and function of the l-type amino acid transporter 1 (lat1) in cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6121554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30103560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082373
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