The effect of intermittent drying on the cracking ratio of soybeans (Glycine max) at different relative humidity using reaction engineering approach modeling

Intermittent drying (ID) was applied to reduce soybean cracking because of the low moisture gradient and little thermal stress on soybeans during their tempering period. The drying temperature and relative humidity (RH) for the drying and tempering periods were 35°C and 20% and 25°C and 43%, respectively. The intermittency (α) of the drying was defined as the ratio of the drying period to the duration of the drying and tempering periods, and it varied at α = 1, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.25 to evaluate the drying characteristics and the soybeans’ quality. Intermittency processes redistributed the moisture in the soybean so that the low thermal stress was applied to the soybeans. The percentage of cracked grains increased with increasing the duration of drying period and decreasing tempering period. The moisture content and temperature changes during drying of soybeans were well fitted by reaction engineering approach (REA) modeling. Additionally, the physics that describe the soybeans’ drying behavior during ID were explained by the model parameters obtained from the REA modeling, such as the surface relative humidity and the surface water vapor concentration. ID showed the highest drying efficiency at α = 0.25 regarding the total drying time (13,800 s, i.e., the shortest drying time) and the lowest cracking ratio (<2.18%).