Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea

Echinacea preparations are widely used herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of colds and minor infections. There is little evidence for the individual components in Echinacea that contribute to immune regulatory activity. Activity of an ethanolic Echinacea extract and several constituen...

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Autores principales: Stevenson, Lesley M., Matthias, Anita, Banbury, Linda, Penman, Kerry G., Bone, Kerry M., Leach, David, Lehmann, Reg P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2005
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6147727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18007520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/10101279
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author Stevenson, Lesley M.
Matthias, Anita
Banbury, Linda
Penman, Kerry G.
Bone, Kerry M.
Leach, David
Lehmann, Reg P.
author_facet Stevenson, Lesley M.
Matthias, Anita
Banbury, Linda
Penman, Kerry G.
Bone, Kerry M.
Leach, David
Lehmann, Reg P.
author_sort Stevenson, Lesley M.
collection PubMed
description Echinacea preparations are widely used herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of colds and minor infections. There is little evidence for the individual components in Echinacea that contribute to immune regulatory activity. Activity of an ethanolic Echinacea extract and several constituents, including cichoric acid, have been examined using three in vitro measures of macrophage immune function – NF-κB, TNF- α and nitric oxide (NO). In cultured macrophages, all components except the monoene alkylamide  (AA1)  decreased  lipopolysaccharide  (LPS)  stimulated  NF-κB  levels.  0.2 µg/ml cichoric acid and 2.0µg/mL Echinacea Premium Liquid (EPL) and EPL alkylamide fraction (EPL AA) were found to significantly decrease TNF-α production under LPS stimulated conditions in macrophages. In macrophages, only the alkylamide mixture isolated from the ethanolic Echinacea extract decreased LPS stimulated NO production. In this study, the mixture of alkylamides in the Echinacea ethanolic liquid extract did not respond in the same manner in the assays as the individual alkylamides investigated. While cichoric acid has been shown to affect NF-κB, TNF-α and NO levels, it is unlikely to be relevant in the Echinacea alterations of the immune response in vivo due to its non- bioavailability – i.e. no demonstrated absorption across the intestinal barrier and no detectable levels in plasma. These results demonstrate that Echinacea is an effective modulator of macrophage immune responses in vitro.
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spelling pubmed-61477272018-11-16 Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea Stevenson, Lesley M. Matthias, Anita Banbury, Linda Penman, Kerry G. Bone, Kerry M. Leach, David Lehmann, Reg P. Molecules Article Echinacea preparations are widely used herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of colds and minor infections. There is little evidence for the individual components in Echinacea that contribute to immune regulatory activity. Activity of an ethanolic Echinacea extract and several constituents, including cichoric acid, have been examined using three in vitro measures of macrophage immune function – NF-κB, TNF- α and nitric oxide (NO). In cultured macrophages, all components except the monoene alkylamide  (AA1)  decreased  lipopolysaccharide  (LPS)  stimulated  NF-κB  levels.  0.2 µg/ml cichoric acid and 2.0µg/mL Echinacea Premium Liquid (EPL) and EPL alkylamide fraction (EPL AA) were found to significantly decrease TNF-α production under LPS stimulated conditions in macrophages. In macrophages, only the alkylamide mixture isolated from the ethanolic Echinacea extract decreased LPS stimulated NO production. In this study, the mixture of alkylamides in the Echinacea ethanolic liquid extract did not respond in the same manner in the assays as the individual alkylamides investigated. While cichoric acid has been shown to affect NF-κB, TNF-α and NO levels, it is unlikely to be relevant in the Echinacea alterations of the immune response in vivo due to its non- bioavailability – i.e. no demonstrated absorption across the intestinal barrier and no detectable levels in plasma. These results demonstrate that Echinacea is an effective modulator of macrophage immune responses in vitro. MDPI 2005-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6147727/ /pubmed/18007520 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/10101279 Text en © 2005 by MDPI (http:www.mdpi.org). Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.
spellingShingle Article
Stevenson, Lesley M.
Matthias, Anita
Banbury, Linda
Penman, Kerry G.
Bone, Kerry M.
Leach, David
Lehmann, Reg P.
Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title_full Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title_fullStr Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title_short Modulation of macrophage immune responses by Echinacea
title_sort modulation of macrophage immune responses by echinacea
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6147727/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18007520
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/10101279
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