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Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains
Apart from glucose, fatty acid-derived ketone bodies provide metabolic energy for the brain during fasting and neonatal development. We investigated the evolution of HMGCS2, the key enzyme required for ketone body biosynthesis (ketogenesis). Unexpectedly, we found that three mammalian lineages, comp...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6191284/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30322448 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.38906 |
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author | Jebb, David Hiller, Michael |
author_facet | Jebb, David Hiller, Michael |
author_sort | Jebb, David |
collection | PubMed |
description | Apart from glucose, fatty acid-derived ketone bodies provide metabolic energy for the brain during fasting and neonatal development. We investigated the evolution of HMGCS2, the key enzyme required for ketone body biosynthesis (ketogenesis). Unexpectedly, we found that three mammalian lineages, comprising cetaceans (dolphins and whales), elephants and mastodons, and Old World fruit bats have lost this gene. Remarkably, many of these species have exceptionally large brains and signs of intelligent behavior. While fruit bats are sensitive to starvation, cetaceans and elephants can still withstand periods of fasting. This suggests that alternative strategies to fuel large brains during fasting evolved repeatedly and reveals flexibility in mammalian energy metabolism. Furthermore, we show that HMGCS2 loss preceded brain size expansion in toothed whales and elephants. Thus, while ketogenesis was likely important for brain size expansion in modern humans, ketogenesis is not a universal precondition for the evolution of large mammalian brains. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6191284 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-61912842018-10-21 Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains Jebb, David Hiller, Michael eLife Evolutionary Biology Apart from glucose, fatty acid-derived ketone bodies provide metabolic energy for the brain during fasting and neonatal development. We investigated the evolution of HMGCS2, the key enzyme required for ketone body biosynthesis (ketogenesis). Unexpectedly, we found that three mammalian lineages, comprising cetaceans (dolphins and whales), elephants and mastodons, and Old World fruit bats have lost this gene. Remarkably, many of these species have exceptionally large brains and signs of intelligent behavior. While fruit bats are sensitive to starvation, cetaceans and elephants can still withstand periods of fasting. This suggests that alternative strategies to fuel large brains during fasting evolved repeatedly and reveals flexibility in mammalian energy metabolism. Furthermore, we show that HMGCS2 loss preceded brain size expansion in toothed whales and elephants. Thus, while ketogenesis was likely important for brain size expansion in modern humans, ketogenesis is not a universal precondition for the evolution of large mammalian brains. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2018-10-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6191284/ /pubmed/30322448 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.38906 Text en © 2018, Jebb et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Evolutionary Biology Jebb, David Hiller, Michael Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title | Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title_full | Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title_fullStr | Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title_full_unstemmed | Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title_short | Recurrent loss of HMGCS2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
title_sort | recurrent loss of hmgcs2 shows that ketogenesis is not essential for the evolution of large mammalian brains |
topic | Evolutionary Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6191284/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30322448 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.38906 |
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