Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine
Anxiety-related disorders, including fearfulness are common and leading welfare problems among the worldwide dog population. The etiology of anxieties is complex and affected by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches, such as metabolomics, to under...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34321-x |
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author | Puurunen, Jenni Tiira, Katriina Vapalahti, Katariina Lehtonen, Marko Hanhineva, Kati Lohi, Hannes |
author_facet | Puurunen, Jenni Tiira, Katriina Vapalahti, Katariina Lehtonen, Marko Hanhineva, Kati Lohi, Hannes |
author_sort | Puurunen, Jenni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anxiety-related disorders, including fearfulness are common and leading welfare problems among the worldwide dog population. The etiology of anxieties is complex and affected by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches, such as metabolomics, to understand the causes of anxiety and to identify anxiety-related biomarkers for more efficient diagnostic and treatment options. To study metabolic alterations related to canine fearfulness, a non-targeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed in a cohort of 20 fearful and 21 non-fearful dogs. The results showed that nine metabolic features were significantly associated with fearfulness. The most prominent change included increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine (γ-Glu Gln) in fearful dogs across breeds. Alterations in glutamine metabolism have previously been associated with several psychiatric disorders, indicating the relevance of this finding also in dogs. In addition, we describe a novel breed-specific association between renal biomarker symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and canine fearfulness. These observed metabolic alterations may result from high levels of prolonged psychological stress in fearful dogs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6206014 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62060142018-11-01 Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine Puurunen, Jenni Tiira, Katriina Vapalahti, Katariina Lehtonen, Marko Hanhineva, Kati Lohi, Hannes Sci Rep Article Anxiety-related disorders, including fearfulness are common and leading welfare problems among the worldwide dog population. The etiology of anxieties is complex and affected by genetic and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches, such as metabolomics, to understand the causes of anxiety and to identify anxiety-related biomarkers for more efficient diagnostic and treatment options. To study metabolic alterations related to canine fearfulness, a non-targeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed in a cohort of 20 fearful and 21 non-fearful dogs. The results showed that nine metabolic features were significantly associated with fearfulness. The most prominent change included increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine (γ-Glu Gln) in fearful dogs across breeds. Alterations in glutamine metabolism have previously been associated with several psychiatric disorders, indicating the relevance of this finding also in dogs. In addition, we describe a novel breed-specific association between renal biomarker symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and canine fearfulness. These observed metabolic alterations may result from high levels of prolonged psychological stress in fearful dogs. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6206014/ /pubmed/30374076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34321-x Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Puurunen, Jenni Tiira, Katriina Vapalahti, Katariina Lehtonen, Marko Hanhineva, Kati Lohi, Hannes Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title | Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title_full | Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title_fullStr | Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title_full_unstemmed | Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title_short | Fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
title_sort | fearful dogs have increased plasma glutamine and γ-glutamyl glutamine |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6206014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30374076 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34321-x |
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