A Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor, (E)-3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, with Anti-Melanogenesis Properties in α-MSH and IBMX-Induced B16F10 Melanoma Cells

In this study, we designed and synthesized eight thiophene chalcone derivatives (1a–h) as tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated their mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Of these eight compounds, (E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (1c) showed strong competitive inhibition activity against mushroom tyrosinase with IC(50) values of 0.013 μM for tyrosine hydroxylase and 0.93 μM for dopa oxidase. In addition, we used enzyme kinetics study and docking program to further evaluate the inhibitory mechanism of 1c toward tyrosinase. As an underlying mechanism of 1c mediated anti-melanogenic effect, we investigated the inhibitory activity against melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. As the results, the enzyme kinetics and docking results supports that 1c highly interacts with tyrosinase residues in the tyrosinase active site and it can directly inhibit tyrosinase as competitive inhibitor. In addition, 1c exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects in melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase on α-MSH and IBMX-induced B16F10 cells. Overall, our results suggested that 1c might be considered potent tyrosinase inhibitor for use in the development of therapeutic agents for diseases associated with hyperpigment disorders.