Cargando…
Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings
Extreme conditioning programmes (ECPs, eg, CrossFit, Insanity and Gym Jones) are a growing fitness regimen characterised by functional movements performed at high-intensity and with constantly varying movements. While the popularity and number of practitioners of ECPs are growing, a debate has been...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6243133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000435 |
_version_ | 1783371920068050944 |
---|---|
author | Tibana, Ramires Alsamir de Sousa, Nuno Manuel Frade |
author_facet | Tibana, Ramires Alsamir de Sousa, Nuno Manuel Frade |
author_sort | Tibana, Ramires Alsamir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Extreme conditioning programmes (ECPs, eg, CrossFit, Insanity and Gym Jones) are a growing fitness regimen characterised by functional movements performed at high-intensity and with constantly varying movements. While the popularity and number of practitioners of ECPs are growing, a debate has been established between what is observed in the scientific literature and anecdotal reports from athletes, coaches and physicians about safety (incidence and prevalence of injuries and rhabdomyolysis) and benefits (physical and mental health). In this article, we review the prevalence and incidence of injuries, rhabdomyolysis, physiological responses and chronic adaptations to ECPs. The majority of the available evidence confirm that the estimated injury rate among athletes participating in ECPs is similar to that in weightlifting and most other recreational activities. Additionally, ECP sessions resulted in increased acute oxidative, metabolic and cardiovascular stress, and depending on the stimulus (intensity, duration and non-usual exercise) and training status of the practitioner, an ECP session may precipitate rhabdomyolysis. In the scientific literature, the current chronic effects of ECPs showed little or no effects on body composition and improvements in physical fitness and psychological parameters; however, further studies are important. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6243133 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62431332018-11-29 Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings Tibana, Ramires Alsamir de Sousa, Nuno Manuel Frade BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Review Extreme conditioning programmes (ECPs, eg, CrossFit, Insanity and Gym Jones) are a growing fitness regimen characterised by functional movements performed at high-intensity and with constantly varying movements. While the popularity and number of practitioners of ECPs are growing, a debate has been established between what is observed in the scientific literature and anecdotal reports from athletes, coaches and physicians about safety (incidence and prevalence of injuries and rhabdomyolysis) and benefits (physical and mental health). In this article, we review the prevalence and incidence of injuries, rhabdomyolysis, physiological responses and chronic adaptations to ECPs. The majority of the available evidence confirm that the estimated injury rate among athletes participating in ECPs is similar to that in weightlifting and most other recreational activities. Additionally, ECP sessions resulted in increased acute oxidative, metabolic and cardiovascular stress, and depending on the stimulus (intensity, duration and non-usual exercise) and training status of the practitioner, an ECP session may precipitate rhabdomyolysis. In the scientific literature, the current chronic effects of ECPs showed little or no effects on body composition and improvements in physical fitness and psychological parameters; however, further studies are important. BMJ Publishing Group 2018-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6243133/ /pubmed/30498574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000435 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Tibana, Ramires Alsamir de Sousa, Nuno Manuel Frade Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title | Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title_full | Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title_fullStr | Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title_full_unstemmed | Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title_short | Are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? A narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
title_sort | are extreme conditioning programmes effective and safe? a narrative review of high-intensity functional training methods research paradigms and findings |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6243133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498574 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000435 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tibanaramiresalsamir areextremeconditioningprogrammeseffectiveandsafeanarrativereviewofhighintensityfunctionaltrainingmethodsresearchparadigmsandfindings AT desousanunomanuelfrade areextremeconditioningprogrammeseffectiveandsafeanarrativereviewofhighintensityfunctionaltrainingmethodsresearchparadigmsandfindings |