Divergent Effects of Cyclophilin-D Inhibition on the Female Rat Heart: Acute Versus Chronic Post-Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. Inhibition of cyclophilin-D (CyP-D), a key regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury on various animal models, mostly in males. However, failure of recent clinical trials requires a detailed elucidation of the cardioprotective efficacy of CyP-D inhibition. The aim of this study was to examine whether cardioprotective effects of sanglifehrin A, a potent inhibitor of CyP-D, on post-infarcted hearts depends on reperfusion. METHODS: Acute or chronic myocardial infarction was induced by coronary artery ligation with/without subsequent reperfusion for 2 and 28 days in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiac function was estimated by echocardiography. Oxygen consumption rates, ROS production, permeability transition pore opening, protein carbonylation and respiratory supercomplexes were analyzed in isolated cardiac mitochondria. RESULTS: Sanglifehrin A significantly improved cardiac function of reperfused hearts at 2 days but failed to protect after 28 days. No protection was observed in non-reperfused post-infarcted hearts. The respiratory control index of mitochondria was significantly reduced in reperfused infarcted hearts at 2-days with no effect at 28-days post-infarction on reperfused and non-reperfused hearts. Likewise, only a minor increase in reactive oxygen species production was observed at 2-days in non-reperfused post-infarcted hearts. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CyP-D inhibition exerts cardioprotective effects in reperfused but not in non-reperfused infarcted hearts of female rats, and the effects are observed only during acute post-infarction injury.