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Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens
The discovery of the epigenetic regulation of transcription has provided a new source of mechanistic understanding to long lasting effects of chemicals. However, this information is still seldom exploited in a toxicological context and studies of chemical effect after washout remain rare. Here we st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6286959/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00558 |
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author | Limonciel, Alice van Breda, Simone G. Jiang, Xiaoqi Tredwell, Gregory D. Wilmes, Anja Aschauer, Lydia Siskos, Alexandros P. Sachinidis, Agapios Keun, Hector C. Kopp-Schneider, Annette de Kok, Theo M. Kleinjans, Jos C. S. Jennings, Paul |
author_facet | Limonciel, Alice van Breda, Simone G. Jiang, Xiaoqi Tredwell, Gregory D. Wilmes, Anja Aschauer, Lydia Siskos, Alexandros P. Sachinidis, Agapios Keun, Hector C. Kopp-Schneider, Annette de Kok, Theo M. Kleinjans, Jos C. S. Jennings, Paul |
author_sort | Limonciel, Alice |
collection | PubMed |
description | The discovery of the epigenetic regulation of transcription has provided a new source of mechanistic understanding to long lasting effects of chemicals. However, this information is still seldom exploited in a toxicological context and studies of chemical effect after washout remain rare. Here we studied the effects of two nephrocarcinogens on the human proximal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT1 using high-content mRNA microarrays coupled with miRNA, histone acetylation (HA) and DNA methylation (DM) arrays and metabolomics during a 5-day repeat-dose exposure and 3 days after washout. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) was chosen as a model compound for its known impact on HA and DM. The foremost effect observed was the modulation of thousands of mRNAs and histones by OTA during and after exposure. In comparison, the oxidant potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) had a milder impact on gene expression and epigenetics. However, there was no strong correlation between epigenetic modifications and mRNA changes with OTA while with KBrO(3) the gene expression data correlated better with HA for both up- and down-regulated genes. Even when focusing on the genes with persistent epigenetic modifications after washout, only half were coupled to matching changes in gene expression induced by OTA, suggesting that while OTA causes a major effect on the two epigenetic mechanisms studied, these alone cannot explain its impact on gene expression. Mechanistic analysis confirmed the known activation of Nrf2 and p53 by KBrO(3), while OTA inhibited most of the same genes, and genes involved in the unfolded protein response. A few miRNAs could be linked to these effects of OTA, albeit without clear contribution of epigenetics to the modulation of the pathways at large. Metabolomics revealed disturbances in amino acid balance, energy catabolism, nucleotide metabolism and polyamine metabolism with both chemicals. In conclusion, the large impact of OTA on transcription was confirmed at the mRNA level but also with two high-content epigenomic methodologies. Transcriptomic data confirmed the previously reported activation (by KBrO(3)) and inhibition (by OTA) of protective pathways. However, the integration of omic datasets suggested that HA and DM were not driving forces in the gene expression changes induced by either chemical. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6286959 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62869592018-12-17 Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens Limonciel, Alice van Breda, Simone G. Jiang, Xiaoqi Tredwell, Gregory D. Wilmes, Anja Aschauer, Lydia Siskos, Alexandros P. Sachinidis, Agapios Keun, Hector C. Kopp-Schneider, Annette de Kok, Theo M. Kleinjans, Jos C. S. Jennings, Paul Front Genet Genetics The discovery of the epigenetic regulation of transcription has provided a new source of mechanistic understanding to long lasting effects of chemicals. However, this information is still seldom exploited in a toxicological context and studies of chemical effect after washout remain rare. Here we studied the effects of two nephrocarcinogens on the human proximal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT1 using high-content mRNA microarrays coupled with miRNA, histone acetylation (HA) and DNA methylation (DM) arrays and metabolomics during a 5-day repeat-dose exposure and 3 days after washout. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) was chosen as a model compound for its known impact on HA and DM. The foremost effect observed was the modulation of thousands of mRNAs and histones by OTA during and after exposure. In comparison, the oxidant potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) had a milder impact on gene expression and epigenetics. However, there was no strong correlation between epigenetic modifications and mRNA changes with OTA while with KBrO(3) the gene expression data correlated better with HA for both up- and down-regulated genes. Even when focusing on the genes with persistent epigenetic modifications after washout, only half were coupled to matching changes in gene expression induced by OTA, suggesting that while OTA causes a major effect on the two epigenetic mechanisms studied, these alone cannot explain its impact on gene expression. Mechanistic analysis confirmed the known activation of Nrf2 and p53 by KBrO(3), while OTA inhibited most of the same genes, and genes involved in the unfolded protein response. A few miRNAs could be linked to these effects of OTA, albeit without clear contribution of epigenetics to the modulation of the pathways at large. Metabolomics revealed disturbances in amino acid balance, energy catabolism, nucleotide metabolism and polyamine metabolism with both chemicals. In conclusion, the large impact of OTA on transcription was confirmed at the mRNA level but also with two high-content epigenomic methodologies. Transcriptomic data confirmed the previously reported activation (by KBrO(3)) and inhibition (by OTA) of protective pathways. However, the integration of omic datasets suggested that HA and DM were not driving forces in the gene expression changes induced by either chemical. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6286959/ /pubmed/30559759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00558 Text en Copyright © 2018 Limonciel, van Breda, Jiang, Tredwell, Wilmes, Aschauer, Siskos, Sachinidis, Keun, Kopp-Schneider, de Kok, Kleinjans and Jennings. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Limonciel, Alice van Breda, Simone G. Jiang, Xiaoqi Tredwell, Gregory D. Wilmes, Anja Aschauer, Lydia Siskos, Alexandros P. Sachinidis, Agapios Keun, Hector C. Kopp-Schneider, Annette de Kok, Theo M. Kleinjans, Jos C. S. Jennings, Paul Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title | Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title_full | Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title_fullStr | Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title_full_unstemmed | Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title_short | Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens |
title_sort | persistence of epigenomic effects after recovery from repeated treatment with two nephrocarcinogens |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6286959/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00558 |
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