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Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection

Each individual has a certain number of harmful mutations in its genome. These mutations can lower the fitness of the individual carrying them, dependent on their dominance and selection coefficient. Effective population size, selection, and admixture are known to affect the occurrence of such mutat...

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Autores principales: Bosse, Mirte, Megens, Hendrik‐Jan, Derks, Martijn F. L., de Cara, Ángeles M. R., Groenen, Martien A. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6304688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30622631
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12691
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author Bosse, Mirte
Megens, Hendrik‐Jan
Derks, Martijn F. L.
de Cara, Ángeles M. R.
Groenen, Martien A. M.
author_facet Bosse, Mirte
Megens, Hendrik‐Jan
Derks, Martijn F. L.
de Cara, Ángeles M. R.
Groenen, Martien A. M.
author_sort Bosse, Mirte
collection PubMed
description Each individual has a certain number of harmful mutations in its genome. These mutations can lower the fitness of the individual carrying them, dependent on their dominance and selection coefficient. Effective population size, selection, and admixture are known to affect the occurrence of such mutations in a population. The relative roles of demography and selection are a key in understanding the process of adaptation. These are factors that are potentially influenced and confounded in domestic animals. Here, we hypothesize that the series of events of bottlenecks, introgression, and strong artificial selection associated with domestication increased mutational load in domestic species. Yet, mutational load is hard to quantify, so there are very few studies available revealing the relevance of evolutionary processes. The precise role of artificial selection, bottlenecks, and introgression in further increasing the load of deleterious variants in animals in breeding and conservation programmes remains unclear. In this paper, we review the effects of domestication and selection on mutational load in domestic species. Moreover, we test some hypotheses on higher mutational load due to domestication and selective sweeps using sequence data from commercial pig and chicken lines. Overall, we argue that domestication by itself is not a prerequisite for genetic erosion, indicating that fitness potential does not need to decline. Rather, mutational load in domestic species can be influenced by many factors, but consistent or strong trends are not yet clear. However, methods emerging from molecular genetics allow discrimination of hypotheses about the determinants of mutational load, such as effective population size, inbreeding, and selection, in domestic systems. These findings make us rethink the effect of our current breeding schemes on fitness of populations.
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spelling pubmed-63046882019-01-08 Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection Bosse, Mirte Megens, Hendrik‐Jan Derks, Martijn F. L. de Cara, Ángeles M. R. Groenen, Martien A. M. Evol Appl Special Issue Reviews and Syntheses Each individual has a certain number of harmful mutations in its genome. These mutations can lower the fitness of the individual carrying them, dependent on their dominance and selection coefficient. Effective population size, selection, and admixture are known to affect the occurrence of such mutations in a population. The relative roles of demography and selection are a key in understanding the process of adaptation. These are factors that are potentially influenced and confounded in domestic animals. Here, we hypothesize that the series of events of bottlenecks, introgression, and strong artificial selection associated with domestication increased mutational load in domestic species. Yet, mutational load is hard to quantify, so there are very few studies available revealing the relevance of evolutionary processes. The precise role of artificial selection, bottlenecks, and introgression in further increasing the load of deleterious variants in animals in breeding and conservation programmes remains unclear. In this paper, we review the effects of domestication and selection on mutational load in domestic species. Moreover, we test some hypotheses on higher mutational load due to domestication and selective sweeps using sequence data from commercial pig and chicken lines. Overall, we argue that domestication by itself is not a prerequisite for genetic erosion, indicating that fitness potential does not need to decline. Rather, mutational load in domestic species can be influenced by many factors, but consistent or strong trends are not yet clear. However, methods emerging from molecular genetics allow discrimination of hypotheses about the determinants of mutational load, such as effective population size, inbreeding, and selection, in domestic systems. These findings make us rethink the effect of our current breeding schemes on fitness of populations. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6304688/ /pubmed/30622631 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12691 Text en © 2018 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Special Issue Reviews and Syntheses
Bosse, Mirte
Megens, Hendrik‐Jan
Derks, Martijn F. L.
de Cara, Ángeles M. R.
Groenen, Martien A. M.
Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title_full Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title_fullStr Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title_full_unstemmed Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title_short Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
title_sort deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection
topic Special Issue Reviews and Syntheses
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6304688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30622631
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12691
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