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RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression

RAC1B is an alternatively spliced isoform of the monomeric GTPase RAC1. It differs from RAC1 by a 19 amino acid in frame insertion, termed exon 3b, resulting in an accelerated GDP/GTP-exchange and an impaired GTP-hydrolysis. Although RAC1B has been ascribed several protumorigenic functions such as c...

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Autores principales: Melzer, Catharina, Hass, Ralf, Lehnert, Hendrik, Ungefroren, Hendrik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30621237
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010021
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author Melzer, Catharina
Hass, Ralf
Lehnert, Hendrik
Ungefroren, Hendrik
author_facet Melzer, Catharina
Hass, Ralf
Lehnert, Hendrik
Ungefroren, Hendrik
author_sort Melzer, Catharina
collection PubMed
description RAC1B is an alternatively spliced isoform of the monomeric GTPase RAC1. It differs from RAC1 by a 19 amino acid in frame insertion, termed exon 3b, resulting in an accelerated GDP/GTP-exchange and an impaired GTP-hydrolysis. Although RAC1B has been ascribed several protumorigenic functions such as cell cycle progression and apoptosis resistance, its role in malignant transformation, and other functions driving tumor progression like epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration/invasion and metastasis are less clear. Insertion of exon 3b endows RAC1B with specific biochemical properties that, when compared to RAC1, encompass both loss-of-functions and gain-of-functions with respect to the type of upstream activators, downstream targets, and binding partners. In its extreme, this may result in RAC1B and RAC1 acting in an antagonistic fashion in regulating a specific cellular response with RAC1B behaving as an endogenous inhibitor of RAC1. In this review, we strive to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview, rather than critical discussions, on various aspects of RAC1B biology in eukaryotic cells.
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spelling pubmed-63562962019-02-06 RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression Melzer, Catharina Hass, Ralf Lehnert, Hendrik Ungefroren, Hendrik Cells Review RAC1B is an alternatively spliced isoform of the monomeric GTPase RAC1. It differs from RAC1 by a 19 amino acid in frame insertion, termed exon 3b, resulting in an accelerated GDP/GTP-exchange and an impaired GTP-hydrolysis. Although RAC1B has been ascribed several protumorigenic functions such as cell cycle progression and apoptosis resistance, its role in malignant transformation, and other functions driving tumor progression like epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration/invasion and metastasis are less clear. Insertion of exon 3b endows RAC1B with specific biochemical properties that, when compared to RAC1, encompass both loss-of-functions and gain-of-functions with respect to the type of upstream activators, downstream targets, and binding partners. In its extreme, this may result in RAC1B and RAC1 acting in an antagonistic fashion in regulating a specific cellular response with RAC1B behaving as an endogenous inhibitor of RAC1. In this review, we strive to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview, rather than critical discussions, on various aspects of RAC1B biology in eukaryotic cells. MDPI 2019-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6356296/ /pubmed/30621237 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010021 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Melzer, Catharina
Hass, Ralf
Lehnert, Hendrik
Ungefroren, Hendrik
RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title_full RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title_fullStr RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title_full_unstemmed RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title_short RAC1B: A Rho GTPase with Versatile Functions in Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression
title_sort rac1b: a rho gtpase with versatile functions in malignant transformation and tumor progression
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30621237
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010021
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