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In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model

Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is characterized by high content of proteins, bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, fructans, tocols, carotenoids, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols, and lower α-, β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities compared to polyploid wheat. These featur...

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Autores principales: Barone, Francesca, Laghi, Luca, Gianotti, Andrea, Ventrella, Domenico, Taneyo Saa, Danielle Laure, Bordoni, Alessandra, Forni, Monica, Brigidi, Patrizia, Bacci, Maria Laura, Turroni, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577558
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010016
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author Barone, Francesca
Laghi, Luca
Gianotti, Andrea
Ventrella, Domenico
Taneyo Saa, Danielle Laure
Bordoni, Alessandra
Forni, Monica
Brigidi, Patrizia
Bacci, Maria Laura
Turroni, Silvia
author_facet Barone, Francesca
Laghi, Luca
Gianotti, Andrea
Ventrella, Domenico
Taneyo Saa, Danielle Laure
Bordoni, Alessandra
Forni, Monica
Brigidi, Patrizia
Bacci, Maria Laura
Turroni, Silvia
author_sort Barone, Francesca
collection PubMed
description Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is characterized by high content of proteins, bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, fructans, tocols, carotenoids, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols, and lower α-, β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities compared to polyploid wheat. These features make einkorn flour a good candidate to provide healthier foods. In the present study, we investigated the effects of einkorn bread (EB) on the intestinal physiology and metabolism of the pig model by characterizing the glycemic and insulinemic response, and the microbiota and metabolome profiles. Sixteen commercial hybrid pigs were enrolled in the study; four pigs were used to characterize postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and twelve pigs underwent a 30-day dietary intervention to assess microbiota and metabolome changes after EB or standard wheat bread (WB) consumption. The postprandial insulin rise after an EB meal was characterized by a lower absolute level, and, as also observed for glucose, by a biphasic shape in contrast to that in response to a WB meal. The consumption of EB led to enrichment in short-chain fatty acid producers (e.g., Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira) in the gut microbiota and to higher metabolic diversity with lower content of succinate, probably related to improved absorption and therefore promoting intestinal gluconeogenesis. The observed changes, at both a compositional and metabolic scale, strongly suggest that EB consumption may support a health-promoting configuration of the intestinal ecosystem.
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spelling pubmed-63563882019-02-01 In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model Barone, Francesca Laghi, Luca Gianotti, Andrea Ventrella, Domenico Taneyo Saa, Danielle Laure Bordoni, Alessandra Forni, Monica Brigidi, Patrizia Bacci, Maria Laura Turroni, Silvia Nutrients Article Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) is characterized by high content of proteins, bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, fructans, tocols, carotenoids, alkylresorcinols, and phytosterols, and lower α-, β-amylase and lipoxygenase activities compared to polyploid wheat. These features make einkorn flour a good candidate to provide healthier foods. In the present study, we investigated the effects of einkorn bread (EB) on the intestinal physiology and metabolism of the pig model by characterizing the glycemic and insulinemic response, and the microbiota and metabolome profiles. Sixteen commercial hybrid pigs were enrolled in the study; four pigs were used to characterize postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and twelve pigs underwent a 30-day dietary intervention to assess microbiota and metabolome changes after EB or standard wheat bread (WB) consumption. The postprandial insulin rise after an EB meal was characterized by a lower absolute level, and, as also observed for glucose, by a biphasic shape in contrast to that in response to a WB meal. The consumption of EB led to enrichment in short-chain fatty acid producers (e.g., Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira) in the gut microbiota and to higher metabolic diversity with lower content of succinate, probably related to improved absorption and therefore promoting intestinal gluconeogenesis. The observed changes, at both a compositional and metabolic scale, strongly suggest that EB consumption may support a health-promoting configuration of the intestinal ecosystem. MDPI 2018-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6356388/ /pubmed/30577558 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010016 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Barone, Francesca
Laghi, Luca
Gianotti, Andrea
Ventrella, Domenico
Taneyo Saa, Danielle Laure
Bordoni, Alessandra
Forni, Monica
Brigidi, Patrizia
Bacci, Maria Laura
Turroni, Silvia
In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title_full In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title_fullStr In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title_full_unstemmed In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title_short In Vivo Effects of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Bread on the Intestinal Microbiota, Metabolome, and on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response in the Pig Model
title_sort in vivo effects of einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum) bread on the intestinal microbiota, metabolome, and on the glycemic and insulinemic response in the pig model
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6356388/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577558
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010016
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