Open Source Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Framework: Tutorial on the BioGears Engine

BioGears is an open‐source, lumped parameter, full‐body human physiology engine. Its purpose is to provide realistic and comprehensive simulations for medical training, research, and education. BioGears incorporates a physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model that is designed to be applicable to a diversity of drug classes and patients and is extensible to future drugs. In addition, BioGears also supports drug interactions with various patient insults and interventions allowing for a realistic research framework and accurate dose‐patient responses. This tutorial will demonstrate how the generic BioGears PK/PD model can be extended to a new substance for prediction of drug administration outcomes.