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Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030

BACKGROUND: Primaquine is effective against the latent liver stage of Plasmodium vivax. Eliminating the latent liver stage of P. vivax is one of the necessary conditions to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) by 2030. However, people with glucose-6-phosp...

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Autores principales: Ong, Ken Ing Cherng, Iwagami, Moritoshi, Araki, Hitomi, Khattignavong, Phonepadith, Soundala, Pheovaly, Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane, Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh, Lorpachan, Lavy, Xangsayalath, Phonepadith, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Hongvanthong, Bouasy, Brey, Paul T., Kano, Shigeyuki, Jimba, Masamine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866940
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2715-0
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author Ong, Ken Ing Cherng
Iwagami, Moritoshi
Araki, Hitomi
Khattignavong, Phonepadith
Soundala, Pheovaly
Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane
Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh
Lorpachan, Lavy
Xangsayalath, Phonepadith
Pongvongsa, Tiengkham
Hongvanthong, Bouasy
Brey, Paul T.
Kano, Shigeyuki
Jimba, Masamine
author_facet Ong, Ken Ing Cherng
Iwagami, Moritoshi
Araki, Hitomi
Khattignavong, Phonepadith
Soundala, Pheovaly
Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane
Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh
Lorpachan, Lavy
Xangsayalath, Phonepadith
Pongvongsa, Tiengkham
Hongvanthong, Bouasy
Brey, Paul T.
Kano, Shigeyuki
Jimba, Masamine
author_sort Ong, Ken Ing Cherng
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Primaquine is effective against the latent liver stage of Plasmodium vivax. Eliminating the latent liver stage of P. vivax is one of the necessary conditions to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) by 2030. However, people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are at risk of haemolysis when ingesting primaquine. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of the G6PD Viangchan variant, which is said to be common in Lao PDR and which can result in severe haemolysis in patients exposed to primaquine. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from villagers in three malaria endemic provinces: Champasak and Savannakhet in the south, and Phongsaly in the north. Each blood sample was semi-quantitatively assayed for G6PD enzyme activity using the G6PD Assay Kit-WST Lyophilized (DOJINDO Laboratories, Japan). Blood samples that were found to be G6PD deficient were sequenced to detect G6PD Viangchan mutation. RESULTS: In total, 2043 blood samples were collected from Phongsaly (n = 426, 20.9%), Savannakhet (n = 924, 45.2%), and Champasak (n = 693, 33.9%) provinces in Lao PDR from 2016 to 2017. Of these, 964 (47.2%) were taken from male villagers and 1079 (52.8%) were taken from female villagers. G6PD Viangchan mutation was not detected in Phongsaly province in this study. In Savannakhet province, 48 of the 924 samples (45 males, 3 females) had the G6PD Viangchan mutation (n = 48, 5.2%). In Champasak province, 42 of the 693 samples (18 males, 24 females) had the G6PD Viangchan mutation (n = 42, 6.1%). CONCLUSIONS: G6PD Viangchan variant, which can cause severe haemolysis in the carrier when exposed to primaquine, was detected among 6.1% of the villagers in Champasak and 5.2% in Savannakhet but not in Phongsaly in this study. G6PD Viangchan variant might be common in the south of Laos but not so in the north. In the north, other G6PD deficiency variants might be more prevalent. However, in order not to overlook anyone and ensure a safe primaquine therapy for people living in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR, G6PD testing is necessary. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-64168632019-03-25 Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030 Ong, Ken Ing Cherng Iwagami, Moritoshi Araki, Hitomi Khattignavong, Phonepadith Soundala, Pheovaly Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh Lorpachan, Lavy Xangsayalath, Phonepadith Pongvongsa, Tiengkham Hongvanthong, Bouasy Brey, Paul T. Kano, Shigeyuki Jimba, Masamine Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Primaquine is effective against the latent liver stage of Plasmodium vivax. Eliminating the latent liver stage of P. vivax is one of the necessary conditions to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) by 2030. However, people with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are at risk of haemolysis when ingesting primaquine. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of the G6PD Viangchan variant, which is said to be common in Lao PDR and which can result in severe haemolysis in patients exposed to primaquine. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from villagers in three malaria endemic provinces: Champasak and Savannakhet in the south, and Phongsaly in the north. Each blood sample was semi-quantitatively assayed for G6PD enzyme activity using the G6PD Assay Kit-WST Lyophilized (DOJINDO Laboratories, Japan). Blood samples that were found to be G6PD deficient were sequenced to detect G6PD Viangchan mutation. RESULTS: In total, 2043 blood samples were collected from Phongsaly (n = 426, 20.9%), Savannakhet (n = 924, 45.2%), and Champasak (n = 693, 33.9%) provinces in Lao PDR from 2016 to 2017. Of these, 964 (47.2%) were taken from male villagers and 1079 (52.8%) were taken from female villagers. G6PD Viangchan mutation was not detected in Phongsaly province in this study. In Savannakhet province, 48 of the 924 samples (45 males, 3 females) had the G6PD Viangchan mutation (n = 48, 5.2%). In Champasak province, 42 of the 693 samples (18 males, 24 females) had the G6PD Viangchan mutation (n = 42, 6.1%). CONCLUSIONS: G6PD Viangchan variant, which can cause severe haemolysis in the carrier when exposed to primaquine, was detected among 6.1% of the villagers in Champasak and 5.2% in Savannakhet but not in Phongsaly in this study. G6PD Viangchan variant might be common in the south of Laos but not so in the north. In the north, other G6PD deficiency variants might be more prevalent. However, in order not to overlook anyone and ensure a safe primaquine therapy for people living in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR, G6PD testing is necessary. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6416863/ /pubmed/30866940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2715-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Ong, Ken Ing Cherng
Iwagami, Moritoshi
Araki, Hitomi
Khattignavong, Phonepadith
Soundala, Pheovaly
Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane
Prasayasith, Phoyphaylinh
Lorpachan, Lavy
Xangsayalath, Phonepadith
Pongvongsa, Tiengkham
Hongvanthong, Bouasy
Brey, Paul T.
Kano, Shigeyuki
Jimba, Masamine
Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title_full Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title_fullStr Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title_short Prevalence of G6PD Viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in Lao PDR: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
title_sort prevalence of g6pd viangchan variant in malaria endemic areas in lao pdr: an implication for malaria elimination by 2030
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866940
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2715-0
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