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In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera
Food industries typically use Aloe vera as concentrated (100× to 200×) and dried powders in their final products. These powders are obtained by extrusion of Aloe inner leaf gel (ILG) or Aloe whole leaf (WLP); the juice is filtered through diatomaceous earth and activated carbon before spray drying a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6420980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30941196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5961742 |
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author | López, Zaira Femenia, Antoni Núñez-Jinez, Gabriela Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Cano, M. Eduardo Espino, Teresa Knauth, Peter |
author_facet | López, Zaira Femenia, Antoni Núñez-Jinez, Gabriela Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Cano, M. Eduardo Espino, Teresa Knauth, Peter |
author_sort | López, Zaira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Food industries typically use Aloe vera as concentrated (100× to 200×) and dried powders in their final products. These powders are obtained by extrusion of Aloe inner leaf gel (ILG) or Aloe whole leaf (WLP); the juice is filtered through diatomaceous earth and activated carbon before spray drying at temperatures below 70 °C. In another process, Aloe inner leaf gel was dried at ~80 °C and mashed to a powder rich in high molecular weight fibres and soluble polysaccharides (ILF). In contrast to ILG and WLP, the ILF sample was cytotoxic for the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 (CC(50) = 1 g/l), even at concentrations below the recommended dose for human consumption. At lower concentrations (250 mg/l) with LPS challenged macrophage-like THP-1 cells decreased by 40% the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β increased by 35% (compared to untreated but challenged macrophage-like THP-1 cells). Unexpectedly, under the same conditions, the less cytotoxic ILG and WLP, both samples with a lower fibre content, significantly increased (up to 2.4 times) the release of IL-10, while the concentration of IL-1β remained unaltered and of TNFα decreased by 35%. Even more interesting is that a treatment of the ILF sample with activated carbon reduced its cytotoxicity and increased the IL-10 release (3.1 times). Based on these results, we suggest applying an activated carbon treatment on Aloe-starting products, which have high fibre content and have received high temperature treatment, in order to reduce their cytotoxicity and improve their immunomodulatory properties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6420980 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64209802019-04-02 In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera López, Zaira Femenia, Antoni Núñez-Jinez, Gabriela Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Cano, M. Eduardo Espino, Teresa Knauth, Peter Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Research Article Food industries typically use Aloe vera as concentrated (100× to 200×) and dried powders in their final products. These powders are obtained by extrusion of Aloe inner leaf gel (ILG) or Aloe whole leaf (WLP); the juice is filtered through diatomaceous earth and activated carbon before spray drying at temperatures below 70 °C. In another process, Aloe inner leaf gel was dried at ~80 °C and mashed to a powder rich in high molecular weight fibres and soluble polysaccharides (ILF). In contrast to ILG and WLP, the ILF sample was cytotoxic for the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 (CC(50) = 1 g/l), even at concentrations below the recommended dose for human consumption. At lower concentrations (250 mg/l) with LPS challenged macrophage-like THP-1 cells decreased by 40% the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, whereas the release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β increased by 35% (compared to untreated but challenged macrophage-like THP-1 cells). Unexpectedly, under the same conditions, the less cytotoxic ILG and WLP, both samples with a lower fibre content, significantly increased (up to 2.4 times) the release of IL-10, while the concentration of IL-1β remained unaltered and of TNFα decreased by 35%. Even more interesting is that a treatment of the ILF sample with activated carbon reduced its cytotoxicity and increased the IL-10 release (3.1 times). Based on these results, we suggest applying an activated carbon treatment on Aloe-starting products, which have high fibre content and have received high temperature treatment, in order to reduce their cytotoxicity and improve their immunomodulatory properties. Hindawi 2019-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6420980/ /pubmed/30941196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5961742 Text en Copyright © 2019 Zaira López et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article López, Zaira Femenia, Antoni Núñez-Jinez, Gabriela Salazar Zúñiga, Michelle N. Cano, M. Eduardo Espino, Teresa Knauth, Peter In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title |
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title_full |
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title_fullStr |
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title_short |
In Vitro Immunomodulatory Effect of Food Supplement from Aloe vera |
title_sort | in vitro immunomodulatory effect of food supplement from aloe vera |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6420980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30941196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5961742 |
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