Preliminary design and control of a soft exosuit for assisting elbow movements and hand grasping in activities of daily living

The development of a portable assistive device to aid patients affected by neuromuscular disorders has been the ultimate goal of assistive robots since the late 1960s. Despite significant advances in recent decades, traditional rigid exoskeletons are constrained by limited portability, safety, ergonomics, autonomy and, most of all, cost. In this study, we present the design and control of a soft, textile-based exosuit for assisting elbow flexion/extension and hand open/close. We describe a model-based design, characterisation and testing of two independent actuator modules for the elbow and hand, respectively. Both actuators drive a set of artificial tendons, routed through the exosuit along specific load paths, that apply torques to the human joints by means of anchor points. Key features in our design are under-actuation and the use of electromagnetic clutches to unload the motors during static posture. These two aspects, along with the use of 3D printed components and off-the-shelf fabric materials, contribute to cut down the power requirements, mass and overall cost of the system, making it a more likely candidate for daily use and enlarging its target population. Low-level control is accomplished by a computationally efficient machine learning algorithm that derives the system’s model from sensory data, ensuring high tracking accuracy despite the uncertainties deriving from its soft architecture. The resulting system is a low-profile, low-cost and wearable exosuit designed to intuitively assist the wearer in activities of daily living.