Cargando…
The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is mainly secreted by hepatocytes and incorporated into most plasma lipoproteins. Macrophages, which accumulate cholesterol and are critical for the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, are also an important, albeit smaller, apoE source. Distal regulatory elements contr...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30909560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061471 |
_version_ | 1783411977726459904 |
---|---|
author | Trusca, Violeta G. Fuior, Elena V. Kardassis, Dimitris Simionescu, Maya Gafencu, Anca V. |
author_facet | Trusca, Violeta G. Fuior, Elena V. Kardassis, Dimitris Simionescu, Maya Gafencu, Anca V. |
author_sort | Trusca, Violeta G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is mainly secreted by hepatocytes and incorporated into most plasma lipoproteins. Macrophages, which accumulate cholesterol and are critical for the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, are also an important, albeit smaller, apoE source. Distal regulatory elements control cell-specific activity of the apoE promoter: multienhancers (ME.1/2) in macrophages and hepatic control regions (HCR-1/2) in hepatocytes. A member of AP-1 cell growth regulator, c-Jun regulates the transcription of various apolipoproteins and proinflammatory molecules implicated in atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of c-Jun on apoE expression in macrophages versus hepatocytes and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein we show that c-Jun had an opposite, cell-specific effect on apoE expression: downregulation in macrophages but upregulation in hepatocytes. Transient transfections using ME.2 deletion mutants and DNA pull-down (DNAP) assays showed that the inhibitory effect of c-Jun on the apoE promoter in macrophages was mediated by a functional c-Jun binding site located at 301/311 on ME.2. In hepatocytes, c-Jun overexpression strongly increased apoE expression, and this effect was due to c-Jun binding at the canonical site located at −94/−84 on the apoE proximal promoter, identified by transient transfections using apoE deletion mutants, DNAP, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Overall, the dual effect of c-Jun on apoE gene expression led to decreased cholesterol efflux in macrophages resident in the atherosclerotic plaque synergized with an increased level of systemic apoE secreted by the liver to exacerbate atherogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6471215 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-64712152019-04-26 The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages Trusca, Violeta G. Fuior, Elena V. Kardassis, Dimitris Simionescu, Maya Gafencu, Anca V. Int J Mol Sci Communication Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is mainly secreted by hepatocytes and incorporated into most plasma lipoproteins. Macrophages, which accumulate cholesterol and are critical for the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, are also an important, albeit smaller, apoE source. Distal regulatory elements control cell-specific activity of the apoE promoter: multienhancers (ME.1/2) in macrophages and hepatic control regions (HCR-1/2) in hepatocytes. A member of AP-1 cell growth regulator, c-Jun regulates the transcription of various apolipoproteins and proinflammatory molecules implicated in atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of c-Jun on apoE expression in macrophages versus hepatocytes and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein we show that c-Jun had an opposite, cell-specific effect on apoE expression: downregulation in macrophages but upregulation in hepatocytes. Transient transfections using ME.2 deletion mutants and DNA pull-down (DNAP) assays showed that the inhibitory effect of c-Jun on the apoE promoter in macrophages was mediated by a functional c-Jun binding site located at 301/311 on ME.2. In hepatocytes, c-Jun overexpression strongly increased apoE expression, and this effect was due to c-Jun binding at the canonical site located at −94/−84 on the apoE proximal promoter, identified by transient transfections using apoE deletion mutants, DNAP, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Overall, the dual effect of c-Jun on apoE gene expression led to decreased cholesterol efflux in macrophages resident in the atherosclerotic plaque synergized with an increased level of systemic apoE secreted by the liver to exacerbate atherogenesis. MDPI 2019-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6471215/ /pubmed/30909560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061471 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Trusca, Violeta G. Fuior, Elena V. Kardassis, Dimitris Simionescu, Maya Gafencu, Anca V. The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title | The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title_full | The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title_fullStr | The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title_short | The Opposite Effect of c-Jun Transcription Factor on Apolipoprotein E Gene Regulation in Hepatocytes and Macrophages |
title_sort | opposite effect of c-jun transcription factor on apolipoprotein e gene regulation in hepatocytes and macrophages |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30909560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061471 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT truscavioletag theoppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT fuiorelenav theoppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT kardassisdimitris theoppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT simionescumaya theoppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT gafencuancav theoppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT truscavioletag oppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT fuiorelenav oppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT kardassisdimitris oppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT simionescumaya oppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages AT gafencuancav oppositeeffectofcjuntranscriptionfactoronapolipoproteinegeneregulationinhepatocytesandmacrophages |