One metal is enough: a nickel complex reduces nitrate anions to nitrogen gas

A stepwise reduction sequence from nitrate to dinitrogen gas at a single nickel center was discovered. A PNP nickel scaffold (PNP(–) = N[2-P(i)Pr(2)-4-Me-C(6)H(3)](2)) emerged as a universal platform for the deoxygenation of NO(x) substrates. In these reactions carbon monoxide acts as the oxygen acceptor and forms CO(2) to provide the necessary chemical driving force. Whereas the first two oxygens are removed from the Ni-nitrate and Ni-nitrite complexes with CO, the deoxygenation of NO requires a disproportionation reaction with another NO molecule to form NO(2) and N(2)O. The final deoxygenation of nitrous oxide is accomplished by the Ni–NO complex and generates N(2) and Ni–NO(2) in a relatively slow, but clean reaction. This sequence of reactions is the first example of the complete denitrification of nitrate at a single metal-site and suggests a new paradigm of connecting CO and NO(x) as an effective reaction pair for NO(x) removal.