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Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals
Background: High-intensity training (HIT) with extremely short intervals (designated here as supramaximal HIT) is a time-efficient training method for health and performance. However, a protocol for regulation and control of intensity is missing, impeding implementation in various groups, such as ol...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6536694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00590 |
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author | Hedlund, Mattias Lindelöf, Nina Johansson, Bengt Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan Rosendahl, Erik |
author_facet | Hedlund, Mattias Lindelöf, Nina Johansson, Bengt Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan Rosendahl, Erik |
author_sort | Hedlund, Mattias |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: High-intensity training (HIT) with extremely short intervals (designated here as supramaximal HIT) is a time-efficient training method for health and performance. However, a protocol for regulation and control of intensity is missing, impeding implementation in various groups, such as older individuals. Methods: This study presents the development and characteristics of a novel training protocol with regulated and controlled supramaximal intervals adapted for older people. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we explored the feasibility of the program, performed in a group training setting, with physically active older individuals (aged 65–75, n = 7; five women). The developed supramaximal HIT program consisted of 10 × 6 s cycle sprint intervals with ∼1 min of active recovery with the following key characteristics: (1) an individual target power output was reached and maintained during all intervals and regulated and expressed as the percentage of the estimated maximum mean power output for the duration of the interval (i.e., 6 s); (2) pedaling cadence was standardized for all participants, while resistance was individualized; and (3) the protocol enabled controlled and systematic adjustments of training intensity following standardized escalation criteria. Aim: Our aim was to test the feasibility of a novel training regimen with regulated and controlled supramaximal HIT, adapted for older people. The feasibility criteria for the program were to support participants in reaching a supramaximal intensity (i.e., power output > 100% of estimated VO(2) max), avoid inducing a negative affective response, and have participants perceive it as feasible and acceptable. Results: All feasibility criteria were met. The standardized escalation procedure provided safe escalation of training load up to a supramaximal intensity (around three times the power output at estimated VO(2) max). The participants never reported negative affective responses, and they perceived the program as fun and feasible. Conclusion: This novel program offers a usable methodology for further studies on supramaximal HIT among older individuals with different levels of physical capacity. Future research should explore the effects of the program in various populations of older people and their experiences and long-term adherence compared with other forms of training. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6536694 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65366942019-06-04 Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals Hedlund, Mattias Lindelöf, Nina Johansson, Bengt Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan Rosendahl, Erik Front Physiol Physiology Background: High-intensity training (HIT) with extremely short intervals (designated here as supramaximal HIT) is a time-efficient training method for health and performance. However, a protocol for regulation and control of intensity is missing, impeding implementation in various groups, such as older individuals. Methods: This study presents the development and characteristics of a novel training protocol with regulated and controlled supramaximal intervals adapted for older people. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we explored the feasibility of the program, performed in a group training setting, with physically active older individuals (aged 65–75, n = 7; five women). The developed supramaximal HIT program consisted of 10 × 6 s cycle sprint intervals with ∼1 min of active recovery with the following key characteristics: (1) an individual target power output was reached and maintained during all intervals and regulated and expressed as the percentage of the estimated maximum mean power output for the duration of the interval (i.e., 6 s); (2) pedaling cadence was standardized for all participants, while resistance was individualized; and (3) the protocol enabled controlled and systematic adjustments of training intensity following standardized escalation criteria. Aim: Our aim was to test the feasibility of a novel training regimen with regulated and controlled supramaximal HIT, adapted for older people. The feasibility criteria for the program were to support participants in reaching a supramaximal intensity (i.e., power output > 100% of estimated VO(2) max), avoid inducing a negative affective response, and have participants perceive it as feasible and acceptable. Results: All feasibility criteria were met. The standardized escalation procedure provided safe escalation of training load up to a supramaximal intensity (around three times the power output at estimated VO(2) max). The participants never reported negative affective responses, and they perceived the program as fun and feasible. Conclusion: This novel program offers a usable methodology for further studies on supramaximal HIT among older individuals with different levels of physical capacity. Future research should explore the effects of the program in various populations of older people and their experiences and long-term adherence compared with other forms of training. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6536694/ /pubmed/31164835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00590 Text en Copyright © 2019 Hedlund, Lindelöf, Johansson, Boraxbekk and Rosendahl. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Hedlund, Mattias Lindelöf, Nina Johansson, Bengt Boraxbekk, Carl-Johan Rosendahl, Erik Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title | Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title_full | Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title_fullStr | Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title_full_unstemmed | Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title_short | Development and Feasibility of a Regulated, Supramaximal High-Intensity Training Program Adapted for Older Individuals |
title_sort | development and feasibility of a regulated, supramaximal high-intensity training program adapted for older individuals |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6536694/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164835 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00590 |
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