Purification and Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Protein Hydrolysate of the Marine Bivalve Mollusk Tergillarca granosa

In this report, protein hydrolysate (TGH) of blood cockle (Tegillarca granosa) was prepared using a two-enzyme system (Alcalase treatment for 1.5 h following Neutrase treatment for 1.5 h). Subsequently, six antioxidant peptides were isolated from TGH using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods, and their amino acid sequences were identified as EPLSD, WLDPDG, MDLFTE, WPPD, EPVV, and CYIE with molecular weights of 559.55, 701.69, 754.81, 513.50, 442.48, and 526.57 Da, respectively. In which, MDLFTE and WPPD exhibited strong scavenging activities on DPPH radical (EC(50) values of 0.53 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively), hydroxy radical (EC(50) values of 0.47 ± 0.03 and 0.38 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively), superoxide anion radical (EC(50) values of 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.46 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively), and ABTS cation radical (EC(50) values of 0.96 ± 0.08 and 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively). Moreover, MDLFTE and WPPD showed high inhibiting ability on lipid peroxidation. However, MDLFTE and WPPD were unstable and could not retain strong antioxidant activity at high temperatures (>80 °C for 0.5 h), basic pH conditions (pH > 9 for 2.5 h), or during simulated GI digestion. In addition, the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on TGP4 was significantly weaker than that on MDLFTE. Therefore, MDLFTE and WPPD may be more suitable for serving as nutraceutical candidates in isolated forms than as food ingredient candidates in functional foods and products.