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Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease
Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plan...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31126110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155 |
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author | Soliman, Ghada A. |
author_facet | Soliman, Ghada A. |
author_sort | Soliman, Ghada A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6566984 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65669842019-06-17 Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease Soliman, Ghada A. Nutrients Communication Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction. MDPI 2019-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6566984/ /pubmed/31126110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155 Text en © 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Soliman, Ghada A. Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title | Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title_full | Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title_fullStr | Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title_short | Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease |
title_sort | dietary fiber, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31126110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051155 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT solimanghadaa dietaryfiberatherosclerosisandcardiovasculardisease |