Clostridium difficile infection: review
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to beco...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6570665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30945014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6 |
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author | Czepiel, Jacek Dróżdż, Mirosław Pituch, Hanna Kuijper, Ed J. Perucki, William Mielimonka, Aleksandra Goldman, Sarah Wultańska, Dorota Garlicki, Aleksander Biesiada, Grażyna |
author_facet | Czepiel, Jacek Dróżdż, Mirosław Pituch, Hanna Kuijper, Ed J. Perucki, William Mielimonka, Aleksandra Goldman, Sarah Wultańska, Dorota Garlicki, Aleksander Biesiada, Grażyna |
author_sort | Czepiel, Jacek |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to become one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Transmission of this pathogen occurs by the fecal-oral route and the most important risk factors include antibiotic therapy, old age, and hospital or nursing home stay. The clinical picture is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic carrier status, through various degrees of diarrhea, to the most severe, life threatening colitis resulting with death. Diagnosis is based on direct detection of C. difficile toxins in feces, most commonly with the use of EIA assay, but no single test is suitable as a stand-alone test confirming CDI. Antibiotics of choice are vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole, though metronidazole is considered as inferior. The goal of this review is to update physicians on current scientific knowledge of C. difficile infection, focusing also on fecal microbiota transplantation which is a promising therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6570665 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65706652019-07-01 Clostridium difficile infection: review Czepiel, Jacek Dróżdż, Mirosław Pituch, Hanna Kuijper, Ed J. Perucki, William Mielimonka, Aleksandra Goldman, Sarah Wultańska, Dorota Garlicki, Aleksander Biesiada, Grażyna Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Review Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to become one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Transmission of this pathogen occurs by the fecal-oral route and the most important risk factors include antibiotic therapy, old age, and hospital or nursing home stay. The clinical picture is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic carrier status, through various degrees of diarrhea, to the most severe, life threatening colitis resulting with death. Diagnosis is based on direct detection of C. difficile toxins in feces, most commonly with the use of EIA assay, but no single test is suitable as a stand-alone test confirming CDI. Antibiotics of choice are vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole, though metronidazole is considered as inferior. The goal of this review is to update physicians on current scientific knowledge of C. difficile infection, focusing also on fecal microbiota transplantation which is a promising therapy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-04-03 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6570665/ /pubmed/30945014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Review Czepiel, Jacek Dróżdż, Mirosław Pituch, Hanna Kuijper, Ed J. Perucki, William Mielimonka, Aleksandra Goldman, Sarah Wultańska, Dorota Garlicki, Aleksander Biesiada, Grażyna Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title | Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title_full | Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title_fullStr | Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title_full_unstemmed | Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title_short | Clostridium difficile infection: review |
title_sort | clostridium difficile infection: review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6570665/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30945014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6 |
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