Clostridium difficile infection: review

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to beco...

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Autores principales: Czepiel, Jacek, Dróżdż, Mirosław, Pituch, Hanna, Kuijper, Ed J., Perucki, William, Mielimonka, Aleksandra, Goldman, Sarah, Wultańska, Dorota, Garlicki, Aleksander, Biesiada, Grażyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6570665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30945014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6
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author Czepiel, Jacek
Dróżdż, Mirosław
Pituch, Hanna
Kuijper, Ed J.
Perucki, William
Mielimonka, Aleksandra
Goldman, Sarah
Wultańska, Dorota
Garlicki, Aleksander
Biesiada, Grażyna
author_facet Czepiel, Jacek
Dróżdż, Mirosław
Pituch, Hanna
Kuijper, Ed J.
Perucki, William
Mielimonka, Aleksandra
Goldman, Sarah
Wultańska, Dorota
Garlicki, Aleksander
Biesiada, Grażyna
author_sort Czepiel, Jacek
collection PubMed
description Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to become one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Transmission of this pathogen occurs by the fecal-oral route and the most important risk factors include antibiotic therapy, old age, and hospital or nursing home stay. The clinical picture is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic carrier status, through various degrees of diarrhea, to the most severe, life threatening colitis resulting with death. Diagnosis is based on direct detection of C. difficile toxins in feces, most commonly with the use of EIA assay, but no single test is suitable as a stand-alone test confirming CDI. Antibiotics of choice are vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole, though metronidazole is considered as inferior. The goal of this review is to update physicians on current scientific knowledge of C. difficile infection, focusing also on fecal microbiota transplantation which is a promising therapy.
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spelling pubmed-65706652019-07-01 Clostridium difficile infection: review Czepiel, Jacek Dróżdż, Mirosław Pituch, Hanna Kuijper, Ed J. Perucki, William Mielimonka, Aleksandra Goldman, Sarah Wultańska, Dorota Garlicki, Aleksander Biesiada, Grażyna Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Review Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus, which is widely distributed in the intestinal tract of humans and animals and in the environment. In the last decade, the frequency and severity of C. difficile infection has been increasing worldwide to become one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Transmission of this pathogen occurs by the fecal-oral route and the most important risk factors include antibiotic therapy, old age, and hospital or nursing home stay. The clinical picture is diverse and ranges from asymptomatic carrier status, through various degrees of diarrhea, to the most severe, life threatening colitis resulting with death. Diagnosis is based on direct detection of C. difficile toxins in feces, most commonly with the use of EIA assay, but no single test is suitable as a stand-alone test confirming CDI. Antibiotics of choice are vancomycin, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole, though metronidazole is considered as inferior. The goal of this review is to update physicians on current scientific knowledge of C. difficile infection, focusing also on fecal microbiota transplantation which is a promising therapy. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-04-03 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6570665/ /pubmed/30945014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review
Czepiel, Jacek
Dróżdż, Mirosław
Pituch, Hanna
Kuijper, Ed J.
Perucki, William
Mielimonka, Aleksandra
Goldman, Sarah
Wultańska, Dorota
Garlicki, Aleksander
Biesiada, Grażyna
Clostridium difficile infection: review
title Clostridium difficile infection: review
title_full Clostridium difficile infection: review
title_fullStr Clostridium difficile infection: review
title_full_unstemmed Clostridium difficile infection: review
title_short Clostridium difficile infection: review
title_sort clostridium difficile infection: review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6570665/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30945014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6
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