Fish and Meat Intake, Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels, and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Persons

The associations between meat/fish consumption, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) intakes, and blood DHA/EPA levels, and mortality in Japan were examined as part of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging: 520 men and 534 women (60–79 years at baseline) were followed from 1997–2017. Nutritional intakes were assessed using a 3-day dietary record and fasting venous blood samples were collected. Serum EPA/DHA concentrations, the EPA/arachidonic acid (ARA) ratio, EPA/DHA intakes, and fish/meat intakes were examined in tertiles as indicator variables, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated to compare the risk of death across tertiles controlling for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, education, employment, and history of diseases. During follow-up (mean 11.7 years), 422 subjects (40.4%) died. The multivariate-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in subjects in the highest tertile of serum DHA and EPA/ARA ratio was 0.73 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.53–0.99) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.53–0.96) compared with subjects in the lowest tertile, respectively (trend p < 0.05). There were no significant associations between mortality and serum EPA/ARA and DHA/EPA intakes. An increased serum DHA level or EPA/ARA ratio might be recommended for longevity to Japanese community dwellers.