Cargando…
Working memory training involves learning new skills
We present a new framework characterizing training-induced changes in WM as the acquisition of novel cognitive routines akin to learning a new skill. Predictions were tested in three studies analyzing the transfer between WM tasks following WM training. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis establishing s...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31235992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2018.10.003 |
_version_ | 1783429665760739328 |
---|---|
author | Gathercole, Susan E. Dunning, Darren L. Holmes, Joni Norris, Dennis |
author_facet | Gathercole, Susan E. Dunning, Darren L. Holmes, Joni Norris, Dennis |
author_sort | Gathercole, Susan E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We present a new framework characterizing training-induced changes in WM as the acquisition of novel cognitive routines akin to learning a new skill. Predictions were tested in three studies analyzing the transfer between WM tasks following WM training. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis establishing substantial transfer when trained and untrained tasks shared either a serial recall, complex span or backward span paradigm. Transfer was weaker for serial recall of verbal than visuo-spatial material, suggesting that this paradigm is served by an existing verbal STM system and does not require a new routine. Re-analysis of published WM training data in Study 2 showed that transfer was restricted to tasks sharing properties proposed to require new routines. In a re-analysis of data from four studies, Study 3 demonstrated that transfer was greatest for children with higher fluid cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that development of new routines depends on general cognitive resources and that they can only be applied to other similarly-structured tasks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6591133 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-65911332019-06-24 Working memory training involves learning new skills Gathercole, Susan E. Dunning, Darren L. Holmes, Joni Norris, Dennis J Mem Lang Article We present a new framework characterizing training-induced changes in WM as the acquisition of novel cognitive routines akin to learning a new skill. Predictions were tested in three studies analyzing the transfer between WM tasks following WM training. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis establishing substantial transfer when trained and untrained tasks shared either a serial recall, complex span or backward span paradigm. Transfer was weaker for serial recall of verbal than visuo-spatial material, suggesting that this paradigm is served by an existing verbal STM system and does not require a new routine. Re-analysis of published WM training data in Study 2 showed that transfer was restricted to tasks sharing properties proposed to require new routines. In a re-analysis of data from four studies, Study 3 demonstrated that transfer was greatest for children with higher fluid cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that development of new routines depends on general cognitive resources and that they can only be applied to other similarly-structured tasks. 2016-09-12 2018-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6591133/ /pubmed/31235992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2018.10.003 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gathercole, Susan E. Dunning, Darren L. Holmes, Joni Norris, Dennis Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title | Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title_full | Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title_fullStr | Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title_full_unstemmed | Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title_short | Working memory training involves learning new skills |
title_sort | working memory training involves learning new skills |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591133/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31235992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2018.10.003 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gathercolesusane workingmemorytraininginvolveslearningnewskills AT dunningdarrenl workingmemorytraininginvolveslearningnewskills AT holmesjoni workingmemorytraininginvolveslearningnewskills AT norrisdennis workingmemorytraininginvolveslearningnewskills |