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Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider

Traditional dietary recommendations to renal patients limited the intake of fruits and vegetables because of their high potassium content. However, this paradigm is rapidly changing due to the multiple benefits derived from a fundamentally vegetarian diet such as, improvement in gut dysbiosis, reduc...

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Autores principales: Cases, Aleix, Cigarrán-Guldrís, Secundino, Mas, Sebastián, Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167346
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061263
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author Cases, Aleix
Cigarrán-Guldrís, Secundino
Mas, Sebastián
Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio
author_facet Cases, Aleix
Cigarrán-Guldrís, Secundino
Mas, Sebastián
Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio
author_sort Cases, Aleix
collection PubMed
description Traditional dietary recommendations to renal patients limited the intake of fruits and vegetables because of their high potassium content. However, this paradigm is rapidly changing due to the multiple benefits derived from a fundamentally vegetarian diet such as, improvement in gut dysbiosis, reducing the number of pathobionts and protein-fermenting species leading to a decreased production of the most harmful uremic toxins, while the high fiber content of these diets enhances intestinal motility and short-chain fatty acid production. Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is aggravated by the high consumption of meat and refined cereals, increasing the dietary acid load, while the intake of fruit and vegetables is able to neutralize the acidosis and its deleterious consequences. Phosphorus absorption and bioavailability is also lower in a vegetarian diet, reducing hyperphosphatemia, a known cause of cardiovascular mortality in CKD. The richness of multiple plants in magnesium and vitamin K avoids their deficiency, which is common in these patients. These beneficial effects, together with the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress observed with these diets, may explain the reduction in renal patients’ complications and mortality, and may slow CKD progression. Finally, although hyperkalemia is the main concern of these diets, the use of adequate cooking techniques can minimize the amount absorbed.
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spelling pubmed-66273512019-07-23 Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider Cases, Aleix Cigarrán-Guldrís, Secundino Mas, Sebastián Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio Nutrients Review Traditional dietary recommendations to renal patients limited the intake of fruits and vegetables because of their high potassium content. However, this paradigm is rapidly changing due to the multiple benefits derived from a fundamentally vegetarian diet such as, improvement in gut dysbiosis, reducing the number of pathobionts and protein-fermenting species leading to a decreased production of the most harmful uremic toxins, while the high fiber content of these diets enhances intestinal motility and short-chain fatty acid production. Metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is aggravated by the high consumption of meat and refined cereals, increasing the dietary acid load, while the intake of fruit and vegetables is able to neutralize the acidosis and its deleterious consequences. Phosphorus absorption and bioavailability is also lower in a vegetarian diet, reducing hyperphosphatemia, a known cause of cardiovascular mortality in CKD. The richness of multiple plants in magnesium and vitamin K avoids their deficiency, which is common in these patients. These beneficial effects, together with the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress observed with these diets, may explain the reduction in renal patients’ complications and mortality, and may slow CKD progression. Finally, although hyperkalemia is the main concern of these diets, the use of adequate cooking techniques can minimize the amount absorbed. MDPI 2019-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6627351/ /pubmed/31167346 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061263 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cases, Aleix
Cigarrán-Guldrís, Secundino
Mas, Sebastián
Gonzalez-Parra, Emilio
Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title_full Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title_fullStr Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title_full_unstemmed Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title_short Vegetable-Based Diets for Chronic Kidney Disease? It Is Time to Reconsider
title_sort vegetable-based diets for chronic kidney disease? it is time to reconsider
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167346
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061263
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