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Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis le...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647493/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30762162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9 |
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author | Anemone, Annasofia Consolino, Lorena Arena, Francesca Capozza, Martina Longo, Dario Livio |
author_facet | Anemone, Annasofia Consolino, Lorena Arena, Francesca Capozza, Martina Longo, Dario Livio |
author_sort | Anemone, Annasofia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis leads to an overproduction of acidic metabolic products, resulting in enhanced acidification of the extracellular pH (pHe ~ 6.5), which is a salient feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the importance of pH and tumor acidosis, there is currently no established clinical tool available to image the spatial distribution of tumor pHe. The purpose of this review is to describe various imaging modalities for measuring intracellular and extracellular tumor pH. For each technique, we will discuss main advantages and limitations, pH accuracy and sensitivity of the applied pH-responsive probes and potential translatability to the clinic. Particular attention is devoted to methods that can provide pH measurements at high spatial resolution useful to address the task of tumor heterogeneity and to studies that explored tumor pH imaging for assessing treatment response to anticancer therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6647493 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66474932019-08-06 Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH Anemone, Annasofia Consolino, Lorena Arena, Francesca Capozza, Martina Longo, Dario Livio Cancer Metastasis Rev Article Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis leads to an overproduction of acidic metabolic products, resulting in enhanced acidification of the extracellular pH (pHe ~ 6.5), which is a salient feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the importance of pH and tumor acidosis, there is currently no established clinical tool available to image the spatial distribution of tumor pHe. The purpose of this review is to describe various imaging modalities for measuring intracellular and extracellular tumor pH. For each technique, we will discuss main advantages and limitations, pH accuracy and sensitivity of the applied pH-responsive probes and potential translatability to the clinic. Particular attention is devoted to methods that can provide pH measurements at high spatial resolution useful to address the task of tumor heterogeneity and to studies that explored tumor pH imaging for assessing treatment response to anticancer therapies. Springer US 2019-02-14 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6647493/ /pubmed/30762162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 OpenAccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Anemone, Annasofia Consolino, Lorena Arena, Francesca Capozza, Martina Longo, Dario Livio Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title | Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title_full | Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title_fullStr | Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title_full_unstemmed | Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title_short | Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH |
title_sort | imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor ph |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647493/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30762162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9 |
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