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Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH

Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis le...

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Autores principales: Anemone, Annasofia, Consolino, Lorena, Arena, Francesca, Capozza, Martina, Longo, Dario Livio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30762162
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9
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author Anemone, Annasofia
Consolino, Lorena
Arena, Francesca
Capozza, Martina
Longo, Dario Livio
author_facet Anemone, Annasofia
Consolino, Lorena
Arena, Francesca
Capozza, Martina
Longo, Dario Livio
author_sort Anemone, Annasofia
collection PubMed
description Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis leads to an overproduction of acidic metabolic products, resulting in enhanced acidification of the extracellular pH (pHe ~ 6.5), which is a salient feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the importance of pH and tumor acidosis, there is currently no established clinical tool available to image the spatial distribution of tumor pHe. The purpose of this review is to describe various imaging modalities for measuring intracellular and extracellular tumor pH. For each technique, we will discuss main advantages and limitations, pH accuracy and sensitivity of the applied pH-responsive probes and potential translatability to the clinic. Particular attention is devoted to methods that can provide pH measurements at high spatial resolution useful to address the task of tumor heterogeneity and to studies that explored tumor pH imaging for assessing treatment response to anticancer therapies.
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spelling pubmed-66474932019-08-06 Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH Anemone, Annasofia Consolino, Lorena Arena, Francesca Capozza, Martina Longo, Dario Livio Cancer Metastasis Rev Article Cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift in cellular energy production, orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF-1α, from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to increased glycolysis, regardless of oxygen availability (Warburg effect). The constitutive upregulation of glycolysis leads to an overproduction of acidic metabolic products, resulting in enhanced acidification of the extracellular pH (pHe ~ 6.5), which is a salient feature of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the importance of pH and tumor acidosis, there is currently no established clinical tool available to image the spatial distribution of tumor pHe. The purpose of this review is to describe various imaging modalities for measuring intracellular and extracellular tumor pH. For each technique, we will discuss main advantages and limitations, pH accuracy and sensitivity of the applied pH-responsive probes and potential translatability to the clinic. Particular attention is devoted to methods that can provide pH measurements at high spatial resolution useful to address the task of tumor heterogeneity and to studies that explored tumor pH imaging for assessing treatment response to anticancer therapies. Springer US 2019-02-14 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6647493/ /pubmed/30762162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 OpenAccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Article
Anemone, Annasofia
Consolino, Lorena
Arena, Francesca
Capozza, Martina
Longo, Dario Livio
Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title_full Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title_fullStr Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title_full_unstemmed Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title_short Imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor pH
title_sort imaging tumor acidosis: a survey of the available techniques for mapping in vivo tumor ph
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30762162
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-019-09782-9
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