The homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for occurrence and prognosis in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis

PURPOSE: To analyse the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for occurrence and prognosis in lung cancer patients diagnosed with bone metastasis (BM) by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of lung cancer patients with or without bone metastasis were identified in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors, and a multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the prognostic effects of every variable on survival. RESULTS: In total, 34,585 eligible patients from the SEER database were included in the analysis. Male gender and metastasis to the liver were factors that were both positively associated with a risk for the development and prognosis of bone metastasis in patients with lung cancer. Younger age, poor tumour differentiation grade, higher N stage (N3), adenocarcinoma and metastasis to the brain were all positively correlated with a risk of occurrence of BM, but these factors were not correlated with an unfavourable prognosis. Age, race, marital status, tumour size and pathologic type were independent risk factors for the prognosis of bone metastasis. CONCLUSION: The morbidity of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients is dismal, with a rate of 25.9%. The findings of this study estimate the homogeneous and heterogeneous risk factors for the occurrence and prognosis of bone metastasis in lung cancer patients, which may provide clinical guidelines for physicians.