Cargando…

Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents

Across sub-Saharan Africa, chili peppers are fundamental ingredients of many traditional dishes. However, chili peppers may contain unsafe aflatoxin concentrations produced by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi. Aflatoxin levels were determined in chili peppers from three states in Nigeria. A total of...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ezekiel, Chibundu N., Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro, Oyedeji, Eniola O., Atehnkeng, Joseph, Kössler, Philip, Tairu, Folasade, Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard, Karlovsky, Petr, Cotty, Peter J., Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31336571
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070429
_version_ 1783440406164275200
author Ezekiel, Chibundu N.
Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro
Oyedeji, Eniola O.
Atehnkeng, Joseph
Kössler, Philip
Tairu, Folasade
Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard
Karlovsky, Petr
Cotty, Peter J.
Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit
author_facet Ezekiel, Chibundu N.
Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro
Oyedeji, Eniola O.
Atehnkeng, Joseph
Kössler, Philip
Tairu, Folasade
Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard
Karlovsky, Petr
Cotty, Peter J.
Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit
author_sort Ezekiel, Chibundu N.
collection PubMed
description Across sub-Saharan Africa, chili peppers are fundamental ingredients of many traditional dishes. However, chili peppers may contain unsafe aflatoxin concentrations produced by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi. Aflatoxin levels were determined in chili peppers from three states in Nigeria. A total of 70 samples were collected from farmers’ stores and local markets. Over 25% of the samples contained unsafe aflatoxin concentrations. The chili peppers were associated with both aflatoxin producers and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus genotypes. Efficacy of an atoxigenic biocontrol product, Aflasafe, registered in Nigeria for use on maize and groundnut, was tested for chili peppers grown in three states. Chili peppers treated with Aflasafe accumulated significantly less aflatoxins than nontreated chili peppers. The results suggest that Aflasafe is a valuable tool for the production of safe chili peppers. Use of Aflasafe in chili peppers could reduce human exposure to aflatoxins and increase chances to commercialize chili peppers in premium local and international markets. This is the first report of the efficacy of any atoxigenic biocontrol product for controlling aflatoxin in a spice crop.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6669588
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-66695882019-08-08 Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro Oyedeji, Eniola O. Atehnkeng, Joseph Kössler, Philip Tairu, Folasade Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard Karlovsky, Petr Cotty, Peter J. Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit Toxins (Basel) Article Across sub-Saharan Africa, chili peppers are fundamental ingredients of many traditional dishes. However, chili peppers may contain unsafe aflatoxin concentrations produced by Aspergillus section Flavi fungi. Aflatoxin levels were determined in chili peppers from three states in Nigeria. A total of 70 samples were collected from farmers’ stores and local markets. Over 25% of the samples contained unsafe aflatoxin concentrations. The chili peppers were associated with both aflatoxin producers and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus genotypes. Efficacy of an atoxigenic biocontrol product, Aflasafe, registered in Nigeria for use on maize and groundnut, was tested for chili peppers grown in three states. Chili peppers treated with Aflasafe accumulated significantly less aflatoxins than nontreated chili peppers. The results suggest that Aflasafe is a valuable tool for the production of safe chili peppers. Use of Aflasafe in chili peppers could reduce human exposure to aflatoxins and increase chances to commercialize chili peppers in premium local and international markets. This is the first report of the efficacy of any atoxigenic biocontrol product for controlling aflatoxin in a spice crop. MDPI 2019-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6669588/ /pubmed/31336571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070429 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ezekiel, Chibundu N.
Ortega-Beltran, Alejandro
Oyedeji, Eniola O.
Atehnkeng, Joseph
Kössler, Philip
Tairu, Folasade
Hoeschle-Zeledon, Irmgard
Karlovsky, Petr
Cotty, Peter J.
Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit
Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title_full Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title_fullStr Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title_full_unstemmed Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title_short Aflatoxin in Chili Peppers in Nigeria: Extent of Contamination and Control Using Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Genotypes as Biocontrol Agents
title_sort aflatoxin in chili peppers in nigeria: extent of contamination and control using atoxigenic aspergillus flavus genotypes as biocontrol agents
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669588/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31336571
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070429
work_keys_str_mv AT ezekielchibundun aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT ortegabeltranalejandro aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT oyedejieniolao aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT atehnkengjoseph aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT kosslerphilip aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT tairufolasade aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT hoeschlezeledonirmgard aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT karlovskypetr aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT cottypeterj aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents
AT bandyopadhyayranajit aflatoxininchilipeppersinnigeriaextentofcontaminationandcontrolusingatoxigenicaspergillusflavusgenotypesasbiocontrolagents