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The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma
Aberrant constitutive activation of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors is a hallmark of numerous cancers. Of the five Rel family members, c-Rel has the strongest direct links to tumorigenesis. c-Rel is the only member that can malignantly transform lymphoid cells in vitro. Furthermore, c-Rel is implica...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678315/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11070941 |
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author | Kober-Hasslacher, Maike Schmidt-Supprian, Marc |
author_facet | Kober-Hasslacher, Maike Schmidt-Supprian, Marc |
author_sort | Kober-Hasslacher, Maike |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aberrant constitutive activation of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors is a hallmark of numerous cancers. Of the five Rel family members, c-Rel has the strongest direct links to tumorigenesis. c-Rel is the only member that can malignantly transform lymphoid cells in vitro. Furthermore, c-Rel is implicated in human B cell lymphoma through the frequent occurrence of REL gene locus gains and amplifications. In normal physiology, high c-Rel expression predominates in the hematopoietic lineage and a diverse range of stimuli can trigger enhanced expression and activation of c-Rel. Both expression and activation of c-Rel are tightly regulated on multiple levels, indicating the necessity to keep its functions under control. In this review we meta-analyze and integrate studies reporting gene locus aberrations to provide an overview on the frequency of REL gains in human B cell lymphoma subtypes, namely follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. We also summarize current knowledge on c-Rel expression and protein localization in these human B cell lymphomas and discuss the co-amplification of BCL11A with REL. In addition, we highlight and illustrate key pathways of c-Rel activation and regulation with a specific focus on B cell biology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6678315 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66783152019-08-19 The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma Kober-Hasslacher, Maike Schmidt-Supprian, Marc Cancers (Basel) Review Aberrant constitutive activation of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors is a hallmark of numerous cancers. Of the five Rel family members, c-Rel has the strongest direct links to tumorigenesis. c-Rel is the only member that can malignantly transform lymphoid cells in vitro. Furthermore, c-Rel is implicated in human B cell lymphoma through the frequent occurrence of REL gene locus gains and amplifications. In normal physiology, high c-Rel expression predominates in the hematopoietic lineage and a diverse range of stimuli can trigger enhanced expression and activation of c-Rel. Both expression and activation of c-Rel are tightly regulated on multiple levels, indicating the necessity to keep its functions under control. In this review we meta-analyze and integrate studies reporting gene locus aberrations to provide an overview on the frequency of REL gains in human B cell lymphoma subtypes, namely follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. We also summarize current knowledge on c-Rel expression and protein localization in these human B cell lymphomas and discuss the co-amplification of BCL11A with REL. In addition, we highlight and illustrate key pathways of c-Rel activation and regulation with a specific focus on B cell biology. MDPI 2019-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6678315/ /pubmed/31277480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11070941 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kober-Hasslacher, Maike Schmidt-Supprian, Marc The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title | The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title_full | The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title_fullStr | The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title_full_unstemmed | The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title_short | The Unsolved Puzzle of c-Rel in B Cell Lymphoma |
title_sort | unsolved puzzle of c-rel in b cell lymphoma |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678315/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277480 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11070941 |
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