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Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process

Ultrasonic welding (UW) is an important joining technique in the electrical industry. Molecular dynamic simulation has been shown to possess several advantages for revealing the evolution of the atomic-scale structure and the interpretation of diffusion mechanisms at the microscopic level. However,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yang, Jingwei, Zhang, Jie, Qiao, Jian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678988/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
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author Yang, Jingwei
Zhang, Jie
Qiao, Jian
author_facet Yang, Jingwei
Zhang, Jie
Qiao, Jian
author_sort Yang, Jingwei
collection PubMed
description Ultrasonic welding (UW) is an important joining technique in the electrical industry. Molecular dynamic simulation has been shown to possess several advantages for revealing the evolution of the atomic-scale structure and the interpretation of diffusion mechanisms at the microscopic level. However, voids associated with the understanding of microstructure evolution in the weld zone and dynamic processes that occur during ultrasonically welded materials still exist, and no UW studies at the atomic scale have so far been reported. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of UW between Al and Cu were performed to investigate the diffusion behaviors of Al and Cu atoms. The results confirmed the occurrence of asymmetrical diffusion at the Al/Cu interface during UW. Meanwhile, recovery was noticed in the disordered Al blocks at low temperature. The thickness of the diffusion layer increased with the welding time. For relatively long welding times (1 ns), the concentrations of Al and Cu revealed the appearance of phase transitions. In addition, the diffusion during UW was identified as a dynamic and unsteady process. The diffusion coefficient was much larger than that underwent during the steady diffusion process despite the low interfacial temperature (below 375 K), which was mainly attributed to shear plastic deformation at the interface.
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spelling pubmed-66789882019-08-19 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process Yang, Jingwei Zhang, Jie Qiao, Jian Materials (Basel) Article Ultrasonic welding (UW) is an important joining technique in the electrical industry. Molecular dynamic simulation has been shown to possess several advantages for revealing the evolution of the atomic-scale structure and the interpretation of diffusion mechanisms at the microscopic level. However, voids associated with the understanding of microstructure evolution in the weld zone and dynamic processes that occur during ultrasonically welded materials still exist, and no UW studies at the atomic scale have so far been reported. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of UW between Al and Cu were performed to investigate the diffusion behaviors of Al and Cu atoms. The results confirmed the occurrence of asymmetrical diffusion at the Al/Cu interface during UW. Meanwhile, recovery was noticed in the disordered Al blocks at low temperature. The thickness of the diffusion layer increased with the welding time. For relatively long welding times (1 ns), the concentrations of Al and Cu revealed the appearance of phase transitions. In addition, the diffusion during UW was identified as a dynamic and unsteady process. The diffusion coefficient was much larger than that underwent during the steady diffusion process despite the low interfacial temperature (below 375 K), which was mainly attributed to shear plastic deformation at the interface. MDPI 2019-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6678988/ /pubmed/31330930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Jingwei
Zhang, Jie
Qiao, Jian
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title_full Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title_fullStr Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title_short Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
title_sort molecular dynamics simulations of atomic diffusion during the al–cu ultrasonic welding process
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678988/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
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