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Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells

Phyllanthus emblica is an edible nutraceutical and functional food in the Asia area with medicinal and nutritive importance. The fruit extract of P. emblica is currently considered to be one of the effective functional foods for flesh maintenance and disease treatments because of its antioxidative a...

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Autores principales: Wang, Hui Min-David, Fu, Ling, Cheng, Chia Chi, Gao, Rong, Lin, Meng Yi, Su, Hong Lin, Belinda, Nathania Earlene, Nguyen, Thi Hiep, Lin, Wen-Hung, Lee, Po Chun, Hsieh, Liang Po
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382466
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080270
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author Wang, Hui Min-David
Fu, Ling
Cheng, Chia Chi
Gao, Rong
Lin, Meng Yi
Su, Hong Lin
Belinda, Nathania Earlene
Nguyen, Thi Hiep
Lin, Wen-Hung
Lee, Po Chun
Hsieh, Liang Po
author_facet Wang, Hui Min-David
Fu, Ling
Cheng, Chia Chi
Gao, Rong
Lin, Meng Yi
Su, Hong Lin
Belinda, Nathania Earlene
Nguyen, Thi Hiep
Lin, Wen-Hung
Lee, Po Chun
Hsieh, Liang Po
author_sort Wang, Hui Min-David
collection PubMed
description Phyllanthus emblica is an edible nutraceutical and functional food in the Asia area with medicinal and nutritive importance. The fruit extract of P. emblica is currently considered to be one of the effective functional foods for flesh maintenance and disease treatments because of its antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. We examined the antioxidant abilities of the fruit extract powder by carrying out 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, iron reducing power, and metal chelating activity analysis and showed excellent antioxidative results. In 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the result showed that the samples had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells even at a high concentration of 2 mg/mL. To investigate its immunomodulatory function, our estimation was to treat it with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells to present anti-inflammatory capacities. The extract decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels in a dose-dependent manner measured by flow cytometry. We also examined various inflammatory mRNAs and proteins, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assay, all three targets were decreased by the extract, also in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, P. emblica fruit extract powder not only lessened antioxidative stress damages, but also inhibited inflammatory reactions.
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spelling pubmed-67212752019-09-10 Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells Wang, Hui Min-David Fu, Ling Cheng, Chia Chi Gao, Rong Lin, Meng Yi Su, Hong Lin Belinda, Nathania Earlene Nguyen, Thi Hiep Lin, Wen-Hung Lee, Po Chun Hsieh, Liang Po Antioxidants (Basel) Article Phyllanthus emblica is an edible nutraceutical and functional food in the Asia area with medicinal and nutritive importance. The fruit extract of P. emblica is currently considered to be one of the effective functional foods for flesh maintenance and disease treatments because of its antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties. We examined the antioxidant abilities of the fruit extract powder by carrying out 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, iron reducing power, and metal chelating activity analysis and showed excellent antioxidative results. In 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the result showed that the samples had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells even at a high concentration of 2 mg/mL. To investigate its immunomodulatory function, our estimation was to treat it with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells to present anti-inflammatory capacities. The extract decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels in a dose-dependent manner measured by flow cytometry. We also examined various inflammatory mRNAs and proteins, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assay, all three targets were decreased by the extract, also in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, P. emblica fruit extract powder not only lessened antioxidative stress damages, but also inhibited inflammatory reactions. MDPI 2019-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6721275/ /pubmed/31382466 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080270 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Hui Min-David
Fu, Ling
Cheng, Chia Chi
Gao, Rong
Lin, Meng Yi
Su, Hong Lin
Belinda, Nathania Earlene
Nguyen, Thi Hiep
Lin, Wen-Hung
Lee, Po Chun
Hsieh, Liang Po
Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title_full Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title_fullStr Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title_full_unstemmed Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title_short Inhibition of LPS-Induced Oxidative Damages and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phyllanthus emblica Extract via Down-Regulating NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS in RAW 264.7 Cells
title_sort inhibition of lps-induced oxidative damages and potential anti-inflammatory effects of phyllanthus emblica extract via down-regulating nf-κb, cox-2, and inos in raw 264.7 cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382466
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080270
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