Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a ubiquitous organism that can easily enter the food chain. Infection with L. monocytogenes can cause invasive listeriosis. Since 2014, in Austria, L. monocytogenes isolates from human and food/food-associated samples have been provided on a mandatory bas...

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Autores principales: Cabal, Adriana, Pietzka, Ariane, Huhulescu, Steliana, Allerberger, Franz, Ruppitsch, Werner, Schmid, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31632381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02282
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author Cabal, Adriana
Pietzka, Ariane
Huhulescu, Steliana
Allerberger, Franz
Ruppitsch, Werner
Schmid, Daniela
author_facet Cabal, Adriana
Pietzka, Ariane
Huhulescu, Steliana
Allerberger, Franz
Ruppitsch, Werner
Schmid, Daniela
author_sort Cabal, Adriana
collection PubMed
description Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a ubiquitous organism that can easily enter the food chain. Infection with L. monocytogenes can cause invasive listeriosis. Since 2014, in Austria, L. monocytogenes isolates from human and food/food-associated samples have been provided on a mandatory basis by food producers and laboratories to the National Reference Laboratory. Since 2017, isolates undergo routinely whole genome sequencing (WGS) and core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) for cluster analyses. Aims of this study were to characterize isolates and clusters of 2017 by using WGS data and to assess the usefulness of this isolate-based surveillance for generating hypotheses on sources of invasive listeriosis in real-time. WGS data from 31 human and 1744 non-human isolates originating from 2017, were eligible for the study. A cgMLST-cluster was defined as two or more isolates differing by ≤10 alleles. We extracted the sequence types (STs) from the WGS data and analyzed the food subcategories meat, fish, vegetable and diary for associations with the ten most prevalent STs among food, through calculating prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The three most frequent STs among the human isolates were ST1 (7/31; 22.6%), ST155 (4/31; 12.9%) and ST451 (3/31; 9.7%) and among the non-human isolates ST451 (614/1744; 35.2%), ST8 (173/1744, 10.0%) and ST9 (117/1744; 6.7%). We found ST21 associated with vegetables (PR: 11.39, 95% CI: 8.32–15.59), ST121 and ST155 with fish (PR: 7.05, 95% CI: 4.88–10.17, PR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.86–5.82), and ST511, ST7 and ST451 with dairy products (PR: 8.55, 95% CI: 6.65–10.99; PR: 5.05, 95% CI: 3.83–6.66, PR: 3.03, 95% CI: 2.02–4.55). We identified 132 cgMLST-clusters. Six clusters contained human isolates (ST155, ST1, ST101, ST177, ST37 and ST7) and for five of those cgMLST-based cluster analyses solely was able to hypothesize the source: an Austrian meat processing company, two Austrian cheese manufacturers and two vegetable processing companies, one based in Austria and the other in Belgium. Determining routinely STs in food isolates by WGS allows to associate STs with food products. Real-time WGS of L. monocytogenes isolates provided mandatorily, proved to be useful in promptly generating hypotheses on sources of invasive listeriosis.
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spelling pubmed-67798132019-10-18 Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria Cabal, Adriana Pietzka, Ariane Huhulescu, Steliana Allerberger, Franz Ruppitsch, Werner Schmid, Daniela Front Microbiol Microbiology Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a ubiquitous organism that can easily enter the food chain. Infection with L. monocytogenes can cause invasive listeriosis. Since 2014, in Austria, L. monocytogenes isolates from human and food/food-associated samples have been provided on a mandatory basis by food producers and laboratories to the National Reference Laboratory. Since 2017, isolates undergo routinely whole genome sequencing (WGS) and core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) for cluster analyses. Aims of this study were to characterize isolates and clusters of 2017 by using WGS data and to assess the usefulness of this isolate-based surveillance for generating hypotheses on sources of invasive listeriosis in real-time. WGS data from 31 human and 1744 non-human isolates originating from 2017, were eligible for the study. A cgMLST-cluster was defined as two or more isolates differing by ≤10 alleles. We extracted the sequence types (STs) from the WGS data and analyzed the food subcategories meat, fish, vegetable and diary for associations with the ten most prevalent STs among food, through calculating prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The three most frequent STs among the human isolates were ST1 (7/31; 22.6%), ST155 (4/31; 12.9%) and ST451 (3/31; 9.7%) and among the non-human isolates ST451 (614/1744; 35.2%), ST8 (173/1744, 10.0%) and ST9 (117/1744; 6.7%). We found ST21 associated with vegetables (PR: 11.39, 95% CI: 8.32–15.59), ST121 and ST155 with fish (PR: 7.05, 95% CI: 4.88–10.17, PR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.86–5.82), and ST511, ST7 and ST451 with dairy products (PR: 8.55, 95% CI: 6.65–10.99; PR: 5.05, 95% CI: 3.83–6.66, PR: 3.03, 95% CI: 2.02–4.55). We identified 132 cgMLST-clusters. Six clusters contained human isolates (ST155, ST1, ST101, ST177, ST37 and ST7) and for five of those cgMLST-based cluster analyses solely was able to hypothesize the source: an Austrian meat processing company, two Austrian cheese manufacturers and two vegetable processing companies, one based in Austria and the other in Belgium. Determining routinely STs in food isolates by WGS allows to associate STs with food products. Real-time WGS of L. monocytogenes isolates provided mandatorily, proved to be useful in promptly generating hypotheses on sources of invasive listeriosis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6779813/ /pubmed/31632381 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02282 Text en Copyright © 2019 Cabal, Pietzka, Huhulescu, Allerberger, Ruppitsch and Schmid. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Cabal, Adriana
Pietzka, Ariane
Huhulescu, Steliana
Allerberger, Franz
Ruppitsch, Werner
Schmid, Daniela
Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title_full Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title_fullStr Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title_full_unstemmed Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title_short Isolate-Based Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes by Whole Genome Sequencing in Austria
title_sort isolate-based surveillance of listeria monocytogenes by whole genome sequencing in austria
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779813/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31632381
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02282
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