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Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin

The ability to produce enterohemolysin is regarded as a potential virulence factor for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and is frequently associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The responsible toxin, which has also bee...

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Autores principales: Schwidder, Maike, Heinisch, Laura, Schmidt, Herbert
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090502
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author Schwidder, Maike
Heinisch, Laura
Schmidt, Herbert
author_facet Schwidder, Maike
Heinisch, Laura
Schmidt, Herbert
author_sort Schwidder, Maike
collection PubMed
description The ability to produce enterohemolysin is regarded as a potential virulence factor for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and is frequently associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The responsible toxin, which has also been termed EHEC-hemolysin (EHEC-Hly, syn. Ehx), belongs to the Repeats in Toxin (RTX)-family of pore-forming cytolysins and is characterized by the formation of incomplete turbid lysis zones on blood agar plates containing defibrinated sheep erythrocytes. Besides the expression of Shiga toxins (Stx) and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), EHEC-Hly is a commonly used marker for the detection of potential pathogenic E. coli strains, although its exact role in pathogenesis is not completely understood. Based on the current knowledge of EHEC-Hly, this review describes the influence of various regulator proteins, explains the different mechanisms leading to damage of target cells, discusses the diagnostic role, and gives an insight of the prevalence and genetic evolution of the toxin.
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spelling pubmed-67842362019-10-16 Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin Schwidder, Maike Heinisch, Laura Schmidt, Herbert Toxins (Basel) Review The ability to produce enterohemolysin is regarded as a potential virulence factor for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and is frequently associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The responsible toxin, which has also been termed EHEC-hemolysin (EHEC-Hly, syn. Ehx), belongs to the Repeats in Toxin (RTX)-family of pore-forming cytolysins and is characterized by the formation of incomplete turbid lysis zones on blood agar plates containing defibrinated sheep erythrocytes. Besides the expression of Shiga toxins (Stx) and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), EHEC-Hly is a commonly used marker for the detection of potential pathogenic E. coli strains, although its exact role in pathogenesis is not completely understood. Based on the current knowledge of EHEC-Hly, this review describes the influence of various regulator proteins, explains the different mechanisms leading to damage of target cells, discusses the diagnostic role, and gives an insight of the prevalence and genetic evolution of the toxin. MDPI 2019-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6784236/ /pubmed/31470552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090502 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Schwidder, Maike
Heinisch, Laura
Schmidt, Herbert
Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title_full Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title_fullStr Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title_full_unstemmed Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title_short Genetics, Toxicity, and Distribution of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin
title_sort genetics, toxicity, and distribution of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli hemolysin
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090502
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