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Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride

Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-HCl), an antimicrobial additive in humidifier disinfectants, was associated with the pulmonary disease outbreak in South Korea. However, PHMG-mediated oxidative stress has only been studied in vitro. Here, we evaluated PHMG-induced oxidative stress in...

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Autores principales: Lee, Yong-Hoon, Seo, Dong-Seok, Lee, Mi Ju, Cha, Hyo-Geun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31719760
http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2019-0049
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author Lee, Yong-Hoon
Seo, Dong-Seok
Lee, Mi Ju
Cha, Hyo-Geun
author_facet Lee, Yong-Hoon
Seo, Dong-Seok
Lee, Mi Ju
Cha, Hyo-Geun
author_sort Lee, Yong-Hoon
collection PubMed
description Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-HCl), an antimicrobial additive in humidifier disinfectants, was associated with the pulmonary disease outbreak in South Korea. However, PHMG-mediated oxidative stress has only been studied in vitro. Here, we evaluated PHMG-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to PHMG-HCl. Male F344 rats were exposed to different concentrations of PHMG-HCl for 13-weeks via whole-body inhalation. Histopathological examination of the exposed rats showed the presence of lung lesions, including alveolar/interstitial fibrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, bronchioalveolar hyperplasia, bronchiolar/alveolar squamous metaplasia, bronchial/bronchiolar epithelial detachment, and alveolar hemorrhage. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was expressed in the bronchiolar epithelium, mainly in Clara cells and macrophages of the fibrotic tissue. The number of 4-HNE-positive cells increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first in vivo study to report PHMG-induced oxidative stress. Our study provides clues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PHMG-induced damage in patients affected by humidifier disinfectants.
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spelling pubmed-68314952019-11-12 Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride Lee, Yong-Hoon Seo, Dong-Seok Lee, Mi Ju Cha, Hyo-Geun J Toxicol Pathol Short Communication Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-HCl), an antimicrobial additive in humidifier disinfectants, was associated with the pulmonary disease outbreak in South Korea. However, PHMG-mediated oxidative stress has only been studied in vitro. Here, we evaluated PHMG-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to PHMG-HCl. Male F344 rats were exposed to different concentrations of PHMG-HCl for 13-weeks via whole-body inhalation. Histopathological examination of the exposed rats showed the presence of lung lesions, including alveolar/interstitial fibrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, bronchioalveolar hyperplasia, bronchiolar/alveolar squamous metaplasia, bronchial/bronchiolar epithelial detachment, and alveolar hemorrhage. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was expressed in the bronchiolar epithelium, mainly in Clara cells and macrophages of the fibrotic tissue. The number of 4-HNE-positive cells increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first in vivo study to report PHMG-induced oxidative stress. Our study provides clues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PHMG-induced damage in patients affected by humidifier disinfectants. Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology 2019-08-08 2019-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6831495/ /pubmed/31719760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2019-0049 Text en ©2019 The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Short Communication
Lee, Yong-Hoon
Seo, Dong-Seok
Lee, Mi Ju
Cha, Hyo-Geun
Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title_full Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title_fullStr Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title_full_unstemmed Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title_short Immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
title_sort immunohistochemical characterization of oxidative stress in the lungs of rats exposed to the humidifier disinfectant polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6831495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31719760
http://dx.doi.org/10.1293/tox.2019-0049
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